饲粮添加硝酸钠和单宁对奶山羊产奶性能、甲烷排放和瘤胃微生物区系的影响  

Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Sodium Nitrate and Tannin on Milk Production Performance,Methane Emission and Rumen Microbiota in Dairy Goats

作　　者：任格晗 刘宁[1] 张瑞 雷新建 姚军虎[1] 蔡传江[1] 徐秀容[1] REN Gehan;LIU Ning;ZHANG Rui;LEI Xinjian;YAO Junhu;CAI Chuanjiang;XU Xiurong(College of Animal Science and Technology,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2023年第8期5284-5296,共13页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划(2017ZDXM-NY-086);陕西省技术创新引导计划(基金)资助项目(2022QFY-05)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探索饲粮中适量添加硝酸钠(SN)和单宁(TN)对奶山羊产奶性能、瘤胃发酵、甲烷排放和瘤胃微生物区系的影响。选取24只体重和产奶性能相近的健康关中奶山羊,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1只羊。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,SN组在基础饲粮中添加1.5%SN,TN组在基础饲粮中添加3.0%TN,混合组在基础饲粮中添加1.5%SN和3.0%TN。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,单独或混合添加1.5%SN和3.0%TN对奶山羊的产奶量无显著影响(P> 0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮添加1.5%SN可显著提高瘤胃pH(P <0.05);饲粮添加3.0%TN可显著降低瘤胃异丁酸含量(P <0.05),显著提高丁酸含量(P <0.05),且有降低瘤胃氨态氮含量的趋势(P=0.057);饲粮添加1.5%SN和3.0%TN对奶山羊瘤胃发酵性能无显著交互作用(P>0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮添加1.5%SN显著提高了奶山羊血清高铁血红蛋白(MetHb)含量(P<0.05),极显著提高了血清葡萄糖含量(P<0.01),极显著降低了血清亚硝酸盐(Nirite)含量(P<0.01),有提高血清高铁血红蛋白/血红蛋白(MetHb/Hb)的趋势(P=0.084);饲粮添加3.0%TN显著降低了奶山羊血清Nirite含量(P<0.05),极显著降低了血清葡萄糖含量(P<0.01),极显著提高了MetHb含量和MetHb/Hb(P<0.01);二者混合添加对血清Hb、MetHb含量和MetHb/Hb有极显著的交互作用(P<0.01)。4)与对照组相比,单独或混合添加1.5%SN和3.0%TN显著降低奶山羊的甲烷排放比例(P<0.05)。5)与对照组相比,饲粮添加1.5%SN可改变奶山羊瘤胃古菌结构,显著降低奶山羊瘤胃产甲烷菌中甲烷短杆菌属(Methanobrevibacter)的相对丰度(P<0.05),极显著提高念珠菌甲烷原体(Candidatus Methanoplasma)的相对丰度(P<0.01)。综上所述,单独或联合添加1.5%SN和3.0%TN均可降低奶山羊甲烷排放比例,但不改变奶山羊产奶性能,不会导致乳和血清中Nirite积累,同时MetHb/Hb远低于20%,不会影响动物健康。饲粮添加1.5%SN可以通�The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of sodium nitrate(SN)and tannin(TN)on milk production performance,rumen fermentation,methane emission and rumen microbiota of dairy goats.Twenty⁃four healthy Guanzhong dairy goats with similar body weight and milk production performance were selected and randomly divided into four groups,and six replicates for each group and one sheep for each repli⁃cate.The control group was fed a basal diet;the SN group was fed the basal diet with 1.5%SN;the TN group was fed the basal diet with 3.0%TN;and the mixed group was fed the basal diet with 1.5%SN and 3.0%TN.The test period was 21 d.The results showed as follows:1)compared with control group,supplementation of 1.5%SN and 3.0%TN alone or in combination had no significant effect on milk yield of dairy goats(P>0.05).2)Compared with control group,dietary 1.5%SN significantly increased rumen pH(P<0.05);dieta⁃ry 3.0%TN significantly decreased isobutyric acid content and increased butyric acid content in rumen(P<0.05),and tended to decrease rumen ammoniacal nitrogen content(P=0.057);there was no significant inter⁃action between 1.5%SN and 3.0%TN supplementation on rumen fermentation performance of dairy goats(P>0.05).3)Compared with control group,dietary 1.5%SN significantly increased serum methemoglobin(MetHb)content of dairy goats(P<0.05),significantly increased serum glucose content(P<0.01),and sig⁃nificantly decreased serum Nirite content(P<0.01),had a trend of increasing serum MetHb/Hb(P=0.084);dietary 3.0%TN significantly decreased serum Nirite content of dairy goats(P<0.05),significantly decreased serum glucose content(P<0.01),and significantly increased serum MetHb content and MetHb/Hb(P<0.01);there were very significant interaction effect on serum Hb,MetHb contents and MetHb/Hb(P<0.01).4)Compared with control group,adding 1.5%SN and 3.0%TN alone or in combination significantly de⁃creased the methane emissions ratio of dairy goats(P<0.05).5)Compared with control group,diet supple⁃mented with 1.5%S

关 键 词：奶山羊 硝酸钠 单宁 瘤胃发酵 瘤胃微生物 瘤胃古菌 甲烷排放 

分 类 号：S826[农业科学—畜牧学]