连续两年沼液与化肥配施对桃生长及土壤理化性质的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of Biogas Slurry and Chemical Fertilizer on Peach Growth and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties for Two Consecutive Years

作　　者：杜彩艳[1] 鲁海燕 熊艳竹 孙曦 孙秀梅 普继雄 张乃明 DU Caiyan;LU Haiyan;XIONG Yanzhu;SUN Xi;SUN Xiumei;PU Jixiong;ZHANG Naiming(Institute of Agricultural Resources&Environment,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Mile City,Yunnan Honghe 652399,China;College of Resource and Environment,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,昆明650205 [2]云南省红河州弥勒市农业技术推广中心,云南红河652399 [3]云南省农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明650201

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2023年第8期165-175,共11页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：农业农村部农业绿色发展先行先试支撑体系建设项目;云南省重点研发计划项目(2018BC003)。

摘　　要：为研究不同比例沼液替代化肥对土壤性质和水蜜桃生长、产量、果实品质的影响,以6年生‘早香蜜桃’为试验材料,通过连续2年沼液(ZF)化肥(HF)配施的果园田间定位试验,以无肥处理(CK)为对照,复合肥(CF)研究等氮(N)量条件下0%(HF100%)、10%(HF90%+ZF10%)、20%(HF80%+ZF20%)、30%(HF70%+ZF30%)比例沼液氮替代化肥氮处理下土壤性质和水蜜桃生长、产量、果实品质的变化,结果表明,追施沼液2年后,不同施肥处理均能增加土壤有机质(soil organic matter,SOM)含量;且沼液与化肥配施处理均可提高土壤pH。不同施肥处理均可明显提高土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量,其中以HF70%+ZF30%处理的增幅最大,较CK分别显著提高44.31%、41.10%、75.14%。不同施肥处理均提高了土壤中交换性钙、交换性镁、有效锌、有效锰、有效铜和有效铁含量,其中HF70%+ZF30%处理的增加效果最明显,HF80%+ZF20%处理次之。与CK相比,不同施肥处理均能促进桃树生长,增加桃叶片氮、磷、钾和叶绿素含量及枝条充实,明显提高了果实产量,增产率0.80%~12.24%。不同施肥处理均提高了桃果实的果皮硬度及可溶性固形物、可溶性糖和Vc含量,降低了可滴定酸含量。综合比较发现,在本试验条件下以HF70%+ZF30%配施较适合桃的生长及其品质的提升,为沼液作肥料进行利用提供了科学依据。To study the effects of different proportions of biogas slurry replacing chemical fertilizer on soil properties,fruit growth,yield and quality of peach,the 6-years-old‘Zaoxiang peach’was as the experimental material,and the different ratios of biogas slurry(ZF)N substitution for chemical fertilizer(HF)were set,with the substitution ratios of total nitrogen by biogas slurry according to 0%(HF100%),10%(HF90%+ZF10%),20%(HF80%+ZF20%)and 30%(HF70%+ZF30%),respectively,and compound fertilizer(CF)no fertilizer treatment(CK)as control.The soil properties and peach growth,yield and fruit quality were determined in the two-year site experiments under different treatments.The results showed that,after topdressing biogas slurry for 2 years,the different fertilization treatments could increase the content of soil organic matter(SOM),and the treatments of biogas slurry combined with chemical fertilizer could increase the soil pH.Different fertilization treatments could significantly increase the contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,especially in HF70%+ZF30%treatment,which the contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzable N,available P and available K were increased by 44.31%,41.10%and 75.14%,respectively,compared with CK.Different fertilization applications increased the contents of exchangeable calcium,exchangeable magnesium,available zinc,available manganese,available copper and available iron in soil,of which HF70%+ZF30%treatment were the most obvious,followed by HF80%+ZF20%treatment.Compared with CK,different fertilization applications could promote the growth of peach trees,increase the contents of N,P,K,chlorophyll in peach leaves and branch enrichment,and significantly promote peach yield by 0.80%~12.24%.Different fertilization applications increased peel hardness and the contents of soluble solids,soluble sugar content and Vc,and decreased titratable acid content for peach fruit.In conclusion,the combination of HF70%+ZF30%was the best for the growth of peach and its quali

关 键 词：沼液 桃 土壤养分 生长发育 果实品质 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]