牛粪尿短期储存氨释放与养分转化的抑制剂作用成效研究  

Effects of different inhibitors on ammonia emission and nutrient conversion during cow dung and urine short-term storage

作　　者：陈哲 吕艳花 杜岩功[3] 张莉[1] 周华坤[3] 王英典 王文颖[1,2] CHEN Zhe;LV Yanhua;DU Yangong;ZHANG Li;ZHOU Huakun;WANG Yingdian;WANG Wenying(Qinghai Normal University/Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability,Xining 810016,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Xining 810016,China;Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology for Cold Regions,Xining 810008,China)

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学/高原科学与可持续发展研究院,西宁810016 [2]青海省青藏高原生物多样性形成机制与综合利用重点实验室,西宁810016 [3]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所/青海省寒区恢复生态学重点实验室,西宁810008

出　　处：《生态科学》2023年第5期1-11,共11页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0800803);国家自然科学基金项目(41761107);青海省2021年度第一批中央引导地方科技发展专项资金(2021ZY002);青海师范大学青年基金(095030225)。

摘　　要：削减粪尿储存过程中氨(NH_(3))排放与氮素(N)损耗,是减少养殖业废弃物排放大气污染物和资源高效利用的重要举措。以青藏高原集约化养殖过程中新鲜牛粪尿混合物为研究对象,通过向粪尿中添加脲酶抑制剂(正丁基硫代磷酸三胺,NBPT)、硝化抑制剂(3.4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐,DMPP)及明矾,测定不同抑制剂添加后短期储存过程中(22天)粪尿NH_(3)释放量及不同形态养分含量,并利用结构方程模型分析影响粪尿储存过程中NH_(3)排放和N转化的各因素效应。结果表明:(1)DMPP和明矾处理下NH_(3)累积排放量及氮素损失量均与对照组无差异,而NBPT处理比对照组NH_(3)累积排放量降低25.07%;(2)NBPT处理使粪尿短期储存过程中总有机氮含量平均值较对照增加43.86%,而铵态氮含量下降39.15%,同时粪尿C:N平均值比对照增加20.99%;(3)粪肥储存期间高含水量有利于削减NH_(3)排放,脲酶抑制剂通过降低总有机氮分解和C:N,进而减少铵态氮生产并降低粪尿短期储存中NH_(3)逸散。总之,脲酶抑制剂能够通过控制铵的生成有效减缓牛粪尿混合物储存过程中N的损耗和NH_(3)释放,而硝化抑制剂及明矾的最优施用条件有待深入研究。Reducing ammonia(NH_(3))emissions and nitrogen(N)losses in the process of dung and urine storage are crucial for waste resources utilization and air pollutants reduction in stockbreeding industry.We selected the fresh mixture of cow dung and urine from the intensive livestock farm in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau as the research object.Urease inhibitor(N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide,NBPT),nitrification inhibitor(3.4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate,DMPP)and alum were added to the fresh cattle feces,and the nutrient contents and NH_(3)fluxes under different inhibitor treatments during 22 days of feces storage were tested.The structural equation model was employed to analyze the effects of various factors on NH_(3)emissions and N transformations during the storage of feces.The results showed that(1)Nitrification inhibitor and low-dose alum addition had no effects on N losses and ammonia emissions during the storage of feces.But the cumulative emissions of NH_(3)in NBPT treatment was reduced by 25.07%than the control group.(2)During the short-term storage of feces and urine,total organic nitrogen content in NBPT treatment increased by 43.86%compared with the control group,while the ammonium nitrogen content decreased by 39.15%,and the average C:N ratio increased by 20.99%.(3)The higher water content was beneficial to reducing the NH_(3)emissions during the storage of feces.Meanwhile,urease inhibitor could reduce ammonium nitrogen production and NH_(3)flush by reducing total organic nitrogen decomposition and C:N rate.Shortly,urease inhibitor could effectively slow down N losses and NH_(3)release by controlling the ammonium production in short-term storage in the processing of cow dung and urine mixture,while the optimal application conditions of nitrification inhibitor and alum need to be further studied.

关 键 词：养殖废弃物 氨挥发 氮损失 脲酶抑制剂 硝化抑制剂 明矾 

分 类 号：S19[农业科学—农业基础科学]