黔西北人工草地蜘蛛物种多样性及其与环境的关系  

Spider species diversity in relation to environmental factors on artificial grassland in Northwest Guizhou Province,China

作　　者：张茂 周谷春 龙见坤 黄秀东 陈志敏 李中森 杨正禹 ZHANG Mao;ZHOU Guchun;LONG Jiankun;HUANG Xiudong;CHEN Zhimin;Li Zhongsen;YANG Zhengyu(College of Animal Science,Guizhou University,Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources of Guizhou,Institute of Entomology of Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;College of life Sciences,Gannan Normal University,Ganzhou 341000,China;Department of Electrical Engineering,Guizhou Technological College of Machinery and Electricity,Duyun 558000,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学动物科学学院,贵州大学昆虫资源开发利用省级特色重点实验室,昆虫研究所,贵阳550025 [2]赣南师范大学生命科学学院,赣州341000 [3]贵州机电职业技术学院电气工程系,都匀558000

出　　处：《生态科学》2023年第5期74-83,共10页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31601886);贵州省科技计划基金项目(黔科合基础[2018]1031);贵州大学引进人才科研项目(贵大人基合字(2017)18号)资助;贵州省普通高等学校科技拔尖人才支持计划(黔教合KY字[2017]059)。

摘　　要：为探索喀斯特地区人工草地蜘蛛群落物种多样性及其分布的影响因子,该研究于2019年9月—2020年1月结合样方、陷阱、样线取样三种方法对黔西北油杉河新西兰牧场的蜘蛛群落物种多样性及影响蜘蛛分布的生境因子开展调查。结果表明:(1)捕获蜘蛛1642头,隶属于15科53属69种,不同功能群排序为:结圆网型蜘蛛>伏击型蜘蛛>游猎型蜘蛛>结皿网型;优势科4科,分别为园蛛科(25.15%)、球蛛科(20.52%)、逍遥蛛科(15.1%)、和蟹蛛科(13.28%);优势种2种分别为远亲园蛛(17.17%)和虚逍遥蛛(14.49%)。(2)12月时蜘蛛个体数量、物种数和Shannon-wiener指数与1月时蜘蛛优势度指数、11月时蜘蛛的均匀度指数均显著低于其他月份(P<0.05),而蜘蛛丰富度指数先减后增,12月时最低,且11月、12月的蜘蛛丰富度指数均显著低于9月、10月、1月(P<0.05)。(3)对9个生境因子与蜘蛛多度进行线性拟合发现,海拔、空气湿度、植被物种数3个环境因子对蜘蛛多度有显著正效应(P<0.05)。(4)对9个生境因子与蜘蛛物种多样性进行CCA分析发现,9个环境因子对蜘蛛物种多样性的总解释度为70.98%,其中植被均匀度指数对蜘蛛物种多样性具有显著负效应(P<0.05),土壤温度和空气温度对蜘蛛物种多样性具有显著正效应(P<0.05)。喀斯特地区人工草地蜘蛛的群落物种多样性与季节、气候、植被等因子有较强的相关性,利用蜘蛛进行草地病虫害防治一定要密切结合当地特定的环境、气候及土壤等因子。To explore the spider species diversity and its environmental associations on artificial grasslands in karst areas,we investigated the species diversity of spider in the New Zealand pasture of the Youshanhe in northwestern Guizhou Province,using sampling,trap,and line sampling methods,and further assessed species diversity–environment relationship.The results of the study showed:(1)1642 spiders,belonging to 15 families,53 genera,and 69 species,were collected.The order of different functional groups was:Round-web spiders>Ambush spiders>wandering-spiders>Net-type spiders.The dominant four families were Araneidae(25.15%of all species),Theridiidae(20.52%of all species),Philodromidae(15.1%of all species),and Thomisidae(13.28%of all species).Furthermore,the two dominant species were Araneus diffinis(17.17%of all individuals)and Philodromus fallax(14.49%of all individuals).(2)The number of individual spiders,the number of species,and the Shannon-wiener index were the smallest in December,which was significantly lower than that in September,October,November and January.The spider richness index decreased first and then increased,and was the smallest in December,significantly lower than in September,October and January.(3)The linear fitting showed that altitude,air humidity,and number of vegetation species had significantly positive associations with spider abundance.(4)Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that 9 environmental factors accounted for 70.98%of the variation for spider species diversity.The vegetation Pielou index had a significantly negative associations with spider species diversity,and soil temperature and air temperature had a significant and positive effect on spider species diversity.Among them,soil temperature had the greatest impact on spider composition,with a contribution rate of 78.52%.The species diversity of spider communities on artificial grasslands in karst areas had a strong correlation with factors such as seasons,climate,and vegetation.Spiders must be closely integrated with local v

关 键 词：人工草地 蜘蛛群落 功能群 喀斯特 黔西北 

分 类 号：Q968.1[生物学—昆虫学]