黄河流域内蒙古段土地利用演变与景观生态风险评价  

Landscape ecological risk assessment in Inner Mongolia reach of Yellow River based on land use evolution

作　　者：田雅楠[1,2] 马龙 吴全[3] TIAN Yanan;MA Long;WU Quan(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,010018,China;Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization in Inner Mongolia,Hohhot,010018,China;Inner Mongolia Land Surveying and Planning Institute,Hohhot 010010,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古自治区水资源保护与利用重点实验室,呼和浩特010018 [3]内蒙古自治区土地调查规划院,呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《生态科学》2023年第5期103-113,共11页Ecological Science

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2021ZD0008);国家自然科学基金项目(41561044);内蒙古自然科学基金资助项目(2020MS03089)。

摘　　要：黄河流域内蒙古段是黄河流域生态最为脆弱的区段之一,同时又是内蒙古自治区的“经济增长极”,对于地处干旱半干旱地区的内蒙古自治区具有不可替代的生态意义和社会经济意义。近年来,随着气候变化和人类活动的双重干扰不断加剧,黄河流域内蒙古段景观格局发生了巨大变化,土地利用转变对于区域景观生态风险的作用过程尚不够明确。研究利用景观生态学方法构建黄河流域内蒙古段景观生态风险评估体系,重点分析流域土地利用与景观生态风险格局演变特征,识别二者相互作用关系,以期揭示黄河流域内蒙古段景观生态风险与土地利用的响应规律。研究结果表明:黄河流域内蒙古段2000—2015年景观格局演替过程中人工类型显著增加,其中增加面积最为显著的类型依次为其他建设用地、城镇用地和水库坑塘;流域整体景观生态风险值偏高,风险值低于0.5的I级景观生态风险区域不足流域面积的0.18%,十五年间流域景观生态风险均值在0.65—0.68之间,景观生态高风险区域占比有所降低,低风险区域占比同样出现了降低,中等风险区域面积大幅增加,改善明显区域主要分布在河套灌区和呼包鄂城市群;2000—2015年间黄河流域内蒙古段疏林地、高覆盖度草地、中覆盖度草地、水库坑塘和戈壁景观生态风险等级变化最为显著,流域景观生态风险的时空演替与不同类型土地利用类型景观生态风险演化特征,均能说明流域治理和生态整治对于流域生态保护的积极作用,同时也表明流域整体景观生态风险偏高,亟需进行生态安全格局优化。The Yellow River Basin in Inner Mongolia located at the arid and semi-arid region is of great significance not only in social economy,but also in ecosystem protection.With climate changes and human activities,both the landscape pattern and ecological risk have changed greatly in recent years.Landscape ecological method is used to evaluate the transformation of landscape pattern and ecological risk of the Yellow River Basin in Inner Mongolia.The results showed the area of artificial type in the river basin had increased significantly,which mainly contained the area of construction land,cultivated land and the reservoir from 2000 to 2015.The landscape ecological risk had been at a high level in the study area within all fifteen years.Meanwhile,the area with high landscape ecological risk had been reduced during this time.However,the area with low ecological risk had also been reduced.The middle risk area had increased significantly.The obvious ecological risk improvement occurred in Hetao irrigation area and Hu-Bao-E region.The level of the landscape ecological risk changed most significantly in sparse woodland,high coverage grassland,medium coverage grassland,reservoir ponds and Gobi area in the past 15 years.Ecosystem conservation can be demonstrated both in landscape succession and ecological risk assessment.Meanwhile,the high ecological risk in region proves that the landscape pattern needs to be optimized.

关 键 词：景观生态风险 土地利用 黄河流域 空间格局 时空演替 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学] X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]