秸秆生物炭对两种典型土壤的养分特性及硅的化学形态的影响  

Effects of straw biochar on nutrient traits and chemical speciation of silicon in two types of soils

作　　者：宋文涛 宁川川 黄美琳 董宇豪 陈火君[1,2] 蔡昆争[1,2] SONG Wentao;NING Chuanchuan;HUANG Meilin;DONG Yuhao;CHEN Huojun;CAI Kunzheng(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture,Guangzhou 510642,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学,广东省生态循环农业重点实验室,广州510642 [2]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广州510642

出　　处：《生态科学》2023年第5期123-132,共10页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31870420)。

摘　　要：研究选择华南地区两种典型土壤(水稻土和赤红壤),通过土壤培养试验,研究施用不同剂量(0%,1%,2%,4%)水稻秸秆生物炭处理对土壤养分及不同化学形态的硅含量随时间变化的动态影响。结果表明,不同剂量生物炭均能显著增加水稻土和赤红壤的pH值、总碳和速效钾含量,且随添加量的增加而增加。生物炭处理增加水稻土的碱解氮含量,但却降低赤红壤而的碱解氮含量。不同剂量生物炭添加均能显著提高两种土壤硅的不同化学形态的含量,其中4%的生物炭添加量效果最为明显。与对照相比,4%的生物炭处理在培养第10 d时水稻土的CaCl_(2)-Si、Acetic-Si、H_(2)O_(2)-Si、Oxalate-Si、Na_(2)CO_(3)-Si含量分别增加300.3%、419.4%、91.9%、115.0%和82.5%,赤红壤则分别增加864.9%、1463.4%、646.4%、186.5%、80.2%。综上,秸秆生物炭对土壤养分及不同硅形态的影响与生物炭添加量以及土壤种类有关,赤红壤影响效果要优于水稻土。Effects of different doses(0%,1%,2%,4%)of straw biochar on soil nutrient and silicon speciation of two typical soils(paddy soil and lateritic red soil)in South China were investigated through soil culture experiment.The results showed that straw biochar application could significantly increase soil pH,total carbon and available potassium,and they were increased with the increase of doses of biochar application.In addition,biochar application increased the content of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen in paddy soil,but the effect was opposite in lateritic red soil.Biochar also increased the content of different silicon chemical forms in two types of soil,4%biochar application showed the highest increase.Compared with non-biochar treatment,4%biochar application increased the content of CaCl2-Si,Acetic-Si,H_(2)O_(2)-Si,Oxalate-Si and Na_(2)CO_(3)-Si by 300.3%,419.4%,91.9%,115.0%and 82.5%at the 10the day in paddy soil,respectively,and increased by 864.9%,1463.4%,646.4%,186.5%and 80.2%in lateritic red soil,respectively.This suggested that impacts of biochar on soil nutrient properties and silicon speciation were related to biochar application rate and soil type,and the effects were better in lateritic red soil than that in paddy soil.

关 键 词：秸秆生物炭 水稻土 赤红壤 养分特性 硅分级 

分 类 号：S156.6[农业科学—土壤学] X71[农业科学—农业基础科学]