帝国信息的制作:英驻华使领商贸情报的书写与流播(1834—1875)  

Production of Imperial Information:The Writing and Dissemination of the Commercial Intelligence from British Diplomatic and Consular Service in China(1834-1875)

作　　者：郑彬彬 ZHENG Binbin

机构地区：[1]上海大学历史学系,上海200241

出　　处：《上海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第4期130-140,共11页Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“英国在华情报网络的建构与对华外交决策研究(1843—1911)”(21CZS035)阶段性成果;中国博士后科学基金第69批面上资助一等(2021M690102)。

摘　　要：英驻华使领商贸情报的生产与流播,是英帝国信息制作以利扩张的重要构成。条约体制下,该情报的生产在英领事制度、中国海关信息机制和英方信息共享的互动中动态演变。结构上,该情报从《贸易报表》为主、文字说明为辅,转变为《贸易报告》为主、数据报表为辅;信息源上,该情报从领馆自有数据为依据,转变为中国海关数据为基础;在英方信息共享中,《贸易报告》的流播推动商贸情报向公共知识转化的同时,促使外交部对情报进行分级,由此政治信息渐趋独立于商贸情报自成类别。这一方面促使领事从商贸情报官员转变为政治情报与商贸情报并重的综合性情报官员,另一方面呈现英方决策对华事务背后的多“信息秩序”互动及其自限性。The production and dissemination of commercial intelligence by the British diplomatic and consular service in Chi⁃na constituted an important component of the British Empire’s information production to facilitate expansion.Under the treaty system,the production of such intelligence evolved dynamically through the interaction between the British consular system,the Chinese Customs information mechanism and the sharing of information by the British authorities.Structurally,this intelligence shifted from primarily relying on“Trade Statements”with supplementary textual explanations to primarily relying on“Trade Re⁃ports”with supplementary data tables.In terms of information sources,the intelligence transitioned from being based on data col⁃lected by the consulates to being based on data from the Chinese Customs.Within the framework of information sharing by the British authorities,the dissemination of“Trade Reports”facilitated the transformation of commercial intelligence into public knowledge and also prompted the Foreign Office to classify intelligence,thus leading to the gradual independence of political in⁃formation as a separate category from commercial intelligence.On one hand,this transformation resulted in consular officials tran⁃sitioning from being primarily focused on commercial intelligence to becoming comprehensive intelligence officers responsible for both political and commercial intelligence.On the other hand,it revealed the interaction of multiple“Information Order”and their inherent limitations behind British decision-making on affairs related to China.

关 键 词：贸易报表 贸易报告 商贸情报 英国使领 中国海关 

分 类 号：H059[语言文字—语言学] K252[历史地理—历史学]