平台企业数据资本化及运动规律的政治经济学解析  

Political Economy Analysis of Data Capitalization and Movement of Platform Enterprises

作　　者：段龙龙 何虎 Duan Longlong;He Hu

机构地区：[1]四川大学经济学院

出　　处：《财经科学》2023年第8期65-77,共13页Finance & Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“新时代建设现代化经济体系的理论依据及指标体系构建研究”(18KXS009);中央高校基本科研业务费“中国式现代化视域下我国制度质量的测量及影响因素研究”(23XDJJ04)的资助。

摘　　要：平台企业作为数字经济时代的新兴市场力量,虽然能够推动数据要素流动助力国民经济“新旧动能转换”,但容易导致资本无序扩张引发“数字剥削”和“数字统治”现象。本文以美团外卖平台为案例,基于一手数据资料深入考察了平台企业数据资本化过程及运动规律,研究发现,平台企业中的数据资本在进入生产环节前必须依次经历数据资源化—数据要素化—数据要素商品化三个特定阶段;数据要素的生产过程仍然是数据资本雇佣劳动并无偿隐蔽占有剩余价值的过程,但该过程有别于传统产业资本,具有了以“网络暴力”完成原始积累和借助数据控制完成一般积累的双重特殊性。数据资本从本质上看属于新型数智化不变资本的范畴,其增值的来源仍然是数字劳动创造的剩余价值,但数据资本作为一种基于现代互联网技术的资本,内部却天然地包含着无序扩张性和边界性之间的矛盾,该矛盾实质上是生产社会化同私人占有这个基本矛盾在平台经济中的外在表现。对平台企业数据资本本质及运动规律的分析有助于各级政府积极规范平台企业行为,从而积极引导数字经济高质量发展。As an emerging market force in the era of digital economy,platform enterprises can promote the flow of data elements to help the“old and new dynamic energy conversion”of national economy,but it is also easy to lead to serious“digital exploitation”and"digital domination"caused by the disorderly expansion of capital.The article takes the Meituan delivery platform as an example.The article takes Meituan's takeaway platform as a case study and examines the process of data capitalization and the movement law of platform enterprises based on primary data,and finds that:the data capital in platform enterprises goes through three specific stages,namely data resourceization,data factorization and data factor commercialization,before entering the production field;the production process of data factor is still the process of data capital employing labor and possessing surplus value without compensation.The production process of data elements is still the process of data capital employing labor and appropriating surplus value without compensation,but the process is different from traditional industrial capital,and has the double specificity of completing the original accumulation by"network violence"and general accumulation by data control.However,as a kind of capital based on modern Internet technology,data capital naturally contains the contradiction between disorderly expansion and boundary,which is the external expression of the basic contradiction between socialization of production and private appropriation in the platform economy.The analysis of the nature and movement law of data capital of platform enterprises can help governments at all levels to actively regulate the behavior of platform enterprises,so as to actively guide the transformation of data capital and the high-quality development of digital economy.

关 键 词：平台企业 数据资本 资本运动 政治经济学 数字经济 

分 类 号：F260[经济管理—国民经济]