高等植物叶面吸收尿素的分子生理机制研究进展  

Research progress in uptake and metabolism of foliar urea in plants

作　　者：董月华 何炫颐 王可欣 杨怀玉 Dong Yue-Hua;He Xuan-Yi;Wang Ke-Xin;Yang Huai-Yu(College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716,China;Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716 [2]西南大学长江经济带农业绿色发展研究中心,重庆400716

出　　处：《植物科学学报》2023年第4期552-562,共11页Plant Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32272805);西南大学科研启动基金项目(SWU019012);高等学校学科创新引智计划项目(B20053)。

摘　　要：叶面喷施尿素是农业生产中节肥增效和增产提质的措施之一。叶片吸收和利用尿素的过程受叶片特性、植株生长环境和体内碳氮代谢等因素影响。目前叶面肥的相关研究绝大部分仍集中在应用效果层面,而忽视了对作物叶片吸收利用尿素的过程及其调控机制的深入解析,限制了氮肥利用率和作物品质的进一步提高。本文从叶片的组织结构入手,系统综述了叶片喷施尿素后的吸收过程,涉及的关键基因和跨膜转运尿素的生理分子调控机制,以期为揭示叶面肥的高效吸收利用机理提供研究基础,并为实现节肥增效提质的农业绿色发展提供理论支撑。Foliar fertilization is a popular strategy used to reduce fertilizer input and improve nitrogen use efficiency,crop yield,and quality.The effectiveness of foliar application and the efficient assimilation of urea by leaves are influenced by various factors,including foliar structure,environmental conditions,and carbon-nitrogen metabolism.However,most existing studies have focused on the impacts of foliar fertilizer application,with a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms and regulation of foliar nutrient absorption and utilization still lacking.This knowledge gap limits further improvement of nitrogen-use efficiency and crop quality.In this review,we present a systematic summary of recent advancements in leaf anatomy structure,physiological and molecular mechanisms governing urea uptake and transport,as well as the identification of key genes involved and underlying mechanisms and regulatory networks of foliar urea uptake and metabolism.This review should help inform further research,potentially guiding strategies to promote sustainable agriculture,reduce fertilizer input,and enhance efficiency and food quality.

关 键 词：叶片 吸收 转运蛋白 尿素 

分 类 号：Q943.2[生物学—植物学]