渤海海域唐山贝类养殖区腹泻性和麻痹性贝类毒素的监测与风险评估  

Surveillance and Risk Assessment of Diarrhetic and Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in the Tangshan Shellfish Culture Areas of Bohai Sea,China

作　　者：郑旭颖 李兆新[2] 孙晓杰[2] 邢丽红[2] 张梦婷 朱盼盼 王继耀 苏文青 ZHENG Xuying;LI Zhaoxin;SUN Xiaojie;XING Lihong;ZHANG Mengting;ZHU Panpan;WANG Jiyao;SU Wenqing(College of Food Science and Technology,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Tangshan Aquatic Product Technology Extension Station,Tangshan 063004,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学食品学院,上海201306 [2]农业农村部水产品质量安全检测与评价重点实验室、中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071 [3]唐山市水产技术推广站,河北唐山063004

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2023年第5期231-241,共11页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项“水产品危害物质检测与质量控制技术(2019YFD0901701)”项目资助。

摘　　要：为监测渤海海域唐山贝类养殖区贝类毒素的污染情况,防止食用贝类中毒事件发生,于2019年10月—2020年9月间,每月持续在渤海海域唐山贝类养殖区采集四角蛤(Mactra veneriformis)、菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)、脉红螺(Rapana venosa)、牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)、青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)、文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)和硬壳蛤(Mercenaria mercenaria)7种经济贝类样品,采用高效液相色谱–串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)法测试了5种腹泻性贝类毒素(diarrhetic shellfish poisoning,DSP)和14种麻痹性贝类毒素(paralytic shellfish poisoning,PSP)。结果显示,在7种经济贝类样品中均未检出DSP。检出的PSP成分包括石房蛤毒素(Saxitoxin,STX)、膝沟藻毒素1(Gonyautoxin 1,GTX 1)、膝沟藻毒素2(Gonyautoxin 2,GTX 2)和脱氨甲酰基膝沟藻毒素3(Ddecarbamoy l gonyautoxin 3,dcGTX 3),其中,GTX 1含量最高且最高值为537.95μg/kg。不同季节贝类毒素蓄积含量有一定差异,PSP主要集中在4月检出。菲律宾蛤仔、牡蛎、文蛤和硬壳蛤中PSP的检出率分别为11.76%、47.06%、5.90%和8.82%,其他贝类均未检出。PSP总量均低于欧盟及中国的食用安全限量标准800μg STXeq/kg。应用风险熵值法和点评估法进行食用安全风险评估,显示风险熵值和暴露风险指数均在安全范围内,结果表明,渤海海域唐山贝类养殖区7种经济贝类不存在食用安全风险。Shellfish are filter feeders that can accumulate toxic algae and their related toxins,increasing risk when consumed.Shellfish toxins can directly affect the physiological activities of marine organisms and threaten the stability of marine ecosystems.Ultimately,these toxins pass through the food chain and can endanger human health and economic security.Globally,shellfish poisoning incidents have occurred in many countries.The Bohai Sea is a semi-enclosed inland sea,where severe eutrophication of the seawater has occurred in recent years,leading to harmful algal blooms.To date,no simultaneous surveillance of diarrhetic shellfish poisonings(DSP)and paralytic shellfish poisonings(PSP)have been reported in the Tangshan shellfish culture area.To better understand shellfish toxin pollution in the shellfish culture areas of Tangshan and the dietary and health risks to residents,Mactra veneriformis,Ruditapes philippinarum,Rapana venosa,Crassostrea gigas,Cyclina sinensis,Meretrix meretrix,Mercenaria mercenaria,and Azumapecten farreri were collected for toxin monitoring from the Tangshan shellfish culture areas in Bohai Sea from October 2019 to September 2020.A total of 34 samples were collected for each shellfish species.Each sample weighed approximately 3 kg.All samples were transported to the laboratory on ice.In the laboratory,samples were flushed with tap water to remove sand and silt and shucked to collect the soft tissue.The tissue was thoroughly homogenized with a household blender,and approximately 50 g of tissue from each sample was stored at–20℃until required for analysis.Five DSP including okadaic acid(OA),dinophysistoxin 1(DTX1),dinophysistoxin 2(DTX2),yessotoxin(YTX),and azaspiracid 1(AZA1),and 14 PSP including saxitoxin(STX),neosaxitoxin(NEO),gonyautoxin 1/4(GTX1/4),gonyautoxin 2/3(GTX2/3),decarbamoylsaxitoxin(dcSTX),decarbamoylneosaxitoxin(dcNEO),decarbamoylgonyautoxin 2/3(dcGTX2/3),gonyautoxin 5(GTX5),gonyautoxin 6(GTX6),and N-sulfocarbamoyl toxin 1/2(C1/2)were tested using high performance liquid chrom

关 键 词：渤海 腹泻性贝类毒素 麻痹性贝类毒素 风险评估 

分 类 号：S94[农业科学—水产养殖]