国际环境法主权规制研究:义务本位的规制路径及其实现方式  

Research on the Path of Sovereignty Regulation in International Environmental Law:From Transferring Sovereignty to Accepting Constraints

作　　者：王栋 徐祥民 Wang Dong;Xu Xiangmin(School of Law,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China;School of Law,Zhejiang Gongshang University,Hangzhou 310018,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学法学院,天津300350 [2]浙江工商大学法学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《学术探索》2023年第8期51-58,共8页Academic Exploration

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(13JZD041)。

摘　　要：国际环境法的发展过程中出现了传统的“绝对主权”与全球环境治理一体性之间的冲突,建立在权利本位基础上的主权让渡理论无力解决国际环境法中国家主权规制不力的问题,也难以促进国际环境法体系适应全球环境问题变化所需的良性变革,让渡主权会破坏主权的完整性,降低主权国家治理环境问题的效率,并且缺少接受让渡的适格主体。应当在维护国家主权权利完整性不受侵犯的基础上,确立国际环境问题治理规则体系的义务本位,并在义务本位的基础上要求国家主权接受相关国际法规则中的义务约束。义务本位的确立应当重视国家责任制度,注重发展一般性义务规范及其国家责任,还应重视一般国际法体系的建设,在法律模式选择上,不盲目追求“强制度”路径,以“弱制度”“强约束”的目标效果指导国际立法实践。In the process of the development of international environmental law,there has been a conflict between the traditional concept of“absolute sovereignty”and the need for integrated global environmental governance.The theory of sovereignty transfer,which is based on a rights-oriented approach,is unable to effectively address the issue of weak regulation of national sovereignty in international environmental law and fails to facilitate the necessary positive changes in the international environmental law system to adapt to global environmental challenges.Sovereignty transfer can undermine the integrity of sovereignty,reduce the efficiency of sovereign states in addressing environmental issues,and lack suitable entities to accept the transferred sovereignty.Instead,it is necessary to uphold the integrity and non-infringement of national sovereign rights while establishing an obligation-based system for governing international environmental issues.This obligates sovereign states to accept the binding obligations of relevant international legal rules.The establishment of an obligation-based system should emphasize national responsibility mechanisms,focus on the development of general obligation norms and corresponding national responsibilities,and also emphasize the construction of a general international legal system.In terms of legal models,the choice should not blindly pursue a path of“strong enforcement”,but rather aim for the desired effect of“weak enforcement”with strong binding constraints to guide international legislative practices.

关 键 词：国际环境法 主权让渡 接受约束 义务本位 国家责任 

分 类 号：DF969[政治法律—国际法学]