规模化经营主体能引领小农户化肥减量吗?——基于外部性视角分析  

Can Large-scale Business Entities Influence Small Farmers to Use Less Fertilizer?—Analysis from the Externality Standpoint

作　　者：高孟菲 潘瑞 纪月清[1] GAO Mengfei;PAN Rui;JI Yueqing

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学经济管理学院,南京210095

出　　处：《世界农业》2023年第9期97-109,共13页World Agriculture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“我国粮食产业高质量发展实现路径与政策体系研究”(21&ZD101);国家自然科学基金项目“独木不成林:现代农业中小农经营规模变动的区域性外部经济研究”(72073066)。

摘　　要：新型农业经营主体引领小农户步入绿色发展轨道是推动小农户与现代农业有机衔接的重要组成部分。本文基于江苏、吉林和四川3个省份2019年的微观调查数据,运用计量经济学模型,考察规模化经营主体对小农户化肥减量的引领效应,并探讨其作用机制。结果发现,规模化经营主体对小农户化肥减量具有引领作用。从不同规模化经营主体的引领效应来看,区域内耕种[100,500)亩的中等规模化经营主体对小农户化肥减量的引领效应最大,而其他类型规模化经营主体对小农户化肥减量的引领效果不明显;从引领不同规模小农户化肥减量效应来看,区域内[100,500)亩的中等规模化经营主体对15亩及以下小农户化肥减量的引领效应最大。进一步研究表明,规模化经营主体促进了施肥新知识的传播和外溢,进而降低了小农户的化肥施用量;而限于规模门槛和附加成本,小农户采用施肥新技术的比例仅为6.3%和12.9%,这导致新型施肥技术的外溢效果不明显。由此,本文提出引导区域内农地连片流转,鼓励规模化经营;扶持适度规模化经营主体,引领小农户化肥减量;培育规模化经营主体的社会化服务功能,提升化肥减量效果的政策建议。New agricultural operators lead small farmers onto a green development track is an important part of promoting the organic linkage between small farmers and modern agriculture.Based on micro-survey data from the three provinces of Jiangsu,Jilin,and Sichuan in 2019,this study uses an econometric model to examine the leading effect of large-scale business entities on smallholder farmers’chemical fertilizer reduction and to explore its mechanism of action.The results showed that large-scale business entities have a leading effect on smallholder fertilizer reduction.In terms of the leading effect of different scale operators,medium scale operators cultivating[100,500)mu in the region had the largest leading effect on smallholder fertilizer reduction,while the leading effect of other types of scale operators on smallholder fertilizer reduction was not obvious.In terms of the leading effect on smallholder fertilizer reduction of different scales,medium scale operators cultivating[100,500)mu in the region had the largest leading effect of fertilizer reduction on small farmers(15 mu or less).Further studies showed that large-scale operators promoted the dissemination and spillover of new fertilizer application knowledge,which in turn reduced smallholder fertilizer application.However,the adoption of new fertilizer application technologies by smallholder farmers was only 6.3%and 12.9%due to the scale threshold and additional cost,respectively,which led to the lack of significant spillover effects of new fertilizer application technologies.Therefore,policy recommendations are proposed to guide the continuous flow of agricultural land in the region to encourage large-scale operations,support moderate-scale operations to lead small farmers to reduce fertilizer use,and cultivate the social service function of scale operations to enhance the effect of fertilizer reduction.

关 键 词：规模化经营主体 小农户 化肥减量 正外部性 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学] F323[农业科学—农业基础科学]