脑力疲劳诱导方案效果的比较  

Comparison of the effects of mental fatigue induction tasks

作　　者：杨威 李浚东 赵少聪 Yang Wei;Li Jundong;Zhao Shaocong(Department of Physical Education,Xiamen Institute of Technology,Xiamen 361024,Fujian Province,China;School of Athletic Performance,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门理工学院体育部,福建省厦门市361024 [2]上海体育大学竞技运动学院,上海市200438

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2024年第23期3722-3728,共7页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(22ATY002),项目子课题负责人:赵少聪;教育部产学合作协同育人项目(220905695131413),项目负责人:李浚东。

摘　　要：背景:竞技体育领域脑力疲劳研究的顺利开展有赖于合适的脑力疲劳诱导方案,然而目前该领域脑力疲劳方案种类较多及时间设置不一等问题的出现一定程度干扰了科研人员选择和确定合适的方案。目的:比较不同类型和时长脑力疲劳诱导方案的效果。方法:采用随机交叉对照设计,16名男性业余足球运动员以随机、平衡的顺序完成4次时长为60 min、间隔时间≥48 h STROOP任务的心理认知类方案(心理认知组)、社交媒体使用的电子暴露类方案(电子暴露组)、全身协调任务的运动类方案(运动组)和中性视频观看的对照处理方式(对照组)。测量受试者任务前的动机、脑力疲劳分数、身体疲劳分数和平均心率,任务过程中每15 min的脑力疲劳分数、大脑努力分数、身体疲劳分数和平均心率。主要采用重复测量方差分析对指标进行统计学分析。结果与结论:①心理认知、电子暴露、运动和对照组4组干预前测的脑力疲劳分数基线值无显著性差异(P=0.806);②心理认知组30,45和60 min的脑力疲劳分数均显著高于其他3组(P均<0.05);心理认知、电子暴露和运动组3组45,60 min 2个时间点的脑力疲劳分数类似(P均>0.05),但显著高于干预前、干预15 min和30 min 3个时间点(P均<0.05);③结论:心理认知类方案的脑力疲劳诱导效果优于电子暴露类和运动类方案,且45 min是能够有效诱导脑力疲劳的适宜时长。BACKGROUND:Conducting mental fatigue research in sports depends on appropriate mental fatigue induction tasks.However,the different types and time settings for the tasks in this field have interfered with the selection and determination of the appropriate task for mental fatigue research.OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects of three mental fatigue tasks and their commonly used time settings for mental fatigue induction.METHODS:In this randomized crossover study,16 male amateur soccer players performed four tasks of 60-minute duration with an interval≥48 hours in a randomized counter-balanced order:STROOP task(psychological cognition group),social media use in smartphone(electron exposure group),whole-body coordination task(exercise group)and emotionally neutral video watching as controls(control group).Before each task,the visual analogue scale(VAS)-motivation,VAS-mental fatigue,VAS-physical fatigue,and average heart rate were measured.Also,the VAS-mental fatigue,VAS-mental exertion,VAS-physical fatigue,and average heart rate were recorded every 15 minutes during the task.Repeated measures analysis of variance was mainly used for statistical analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The baseline level of VAS-mental fatigue in the four groups were similar(P=0.806).(2)The VAS-mental fatigue of the psychological cognition group at 30,45 and 60 minutes was significantly higher than that of the other three groups(all P<0.05).The VAS-mental fatigue of psychological cognition,electron exposure,and exercise groups at 45 minutes were similar with that at 60 minutes(all P>0.05),but significantly higher than that of pretest,15 minutes and 30 minutes(all P<0.05).To conclude,the psychological cognition task is superior to the electron exposure and exercise tasks for mental fatigue induction and 45 minutes is the appropriate length of time to effectively induce mental fatigue.

关 键 词：脑力疲劳 诱导方案 足球 竞技体育 心理认知 运动医学 

分 类 号：R496[医药卫生—康复医学] R318[医药卫生—临床医学] R875