大科学的技术创新范式及演化动力分析  

Analysis of technology innovation paradigm and evolutionary dynamic of big science

作　　者：张毅 闫强[1] ZHANG Yi;YAN Qiang(School of Economics and Management,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing 100876,China)

机构地区：[1]北京邮电大学经济管理学院,北京100876

出　　处：《中国软科学》2023年第6期1-25,共25页China Soft Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(17AGL026)。

摘　　要：以演化动力学视角对主要国家和地区的大科学演化过程进行分析,提出大科学技术创新的主要条件、范式及动力机制。研究发现:外部压力、规模投入、适度聚集、有效组织、基础理论和技术的准备是大科学的高效创新的主要条件;大科学的技术创新存在组合创新、颠覆式创新和需求拉动创新3种主要范式;不同国家和地区的要素禀赋、大科学投入水平、技术创新方式的相互作用,形成美国、中国、欧洲、日本以及原苏联等的演化路径。研究结论进一步深化了大科学的技术创新理论,对中国的大科学建设及新型科技举国体制具有比较重要的实践意义。This paper studies the evolution process of different types of big science from the perspective of evolutionary dynamics,analyzes the internal and external driving forces of technological innovation of big science,and then establishes the innovation paradigm and dynamic mechanism model of big science.It is found that large-scale and intensive resource investment,effective organization,preparation of basic theory and technology,and strong external pressure are the preconditions for efficient innovation of big science;There are three main paradigms in the technological innovation of big science:realizing the scale efficiency of technological innovation through multi-path exploration and systematic organizational division of labor,promoting the emergence of disruptive innovation through fierce collision and full communication in multiple frontier fields,promoting the industrial incubation of new technology and extreme technological demand through a large number of industrial demand;The economic development level of different countries and regions,the investment level and innovation mode of big science and the promotion of big science to industry and economy have evolved into different models of big science and industrial economic development.Among them,Silicon Valley is a model of common prosperity of big science,technology and industry.The research conclusion further deepens the innovation theory of big science,and has important practical significance for China's big science construction and the national system of new science and technology.

关 键 词：大科学 创新范式 演化动力 大规模创新 科技举国体制 

分 类 号：G315[文化科学]