陇中旱作区胡麻膜侧宽幅匀播技术土壤水温效应研究  

Soil water and temperature in response to wide-line uniform sowing near mulching film in lax grown area of central Gansu

作　　者：彭莉洁 马彦[2] 许德蓉 刘广才 顿小明 于涛 李松 PENG Lijie;MA Yan;XU Derong;LIU Guangcai;DUN Xiaoming;YU Tao;LI Song(Zhengning Agro-technical Extension Center of Gansu,Zhengning 745300,China;Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China;Management Office of Qinwangchuan Agricultural High-Tech Industry Development and Demonstration Base of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730000,China;Zhangjiachuan Agro-Technical Extension Station of Gansu,Zhangjiachuan 741500,China)

机构地区：[1]正宁县农业技术推广中心,甘肃正宁745300 [2]甘肃省农业科学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃省秦王川农业高科技产业开发示范基地管理办公室,甘肃兰州730000 [4]甘肃省张家川县农业技术推广站,甘肃张家川741500

出　　处：《土壤与作物》2023年第3期343-352,共10页Soils and Crops

基　　金：“密植作物宽幅匀播技术增产机理及关键技术研究与示范推广”项目(编号:GNKJ-2017-8).

摘　　要：采用田间小区试验研究了陇中旱作区胡麻膜侧宽幅匀播栽培技术的土壤水温效应。结果表明:膜侧宽幅匀播技术能显著提高胡麻土壤水分含量、降水利用率、水分利用效率和土壤温度。从出苗期到成熟期,膜侧宽幅匀播0~60 cm土层土壤含水量较膜侧沟播提高0.2~2.4个百分点,较传统条播提高0.6~4.6个百分点。膜侧宽幅匀播胡麻农田降水利用率为70.1%,较膜侧沟播提高3.2个百分点,较传统条播显著提高9.4个百分点。膜侧宽幅匀播胡麻水分利用效率为4.43 kg·hm^(−2)·mm^(−1),分别较膜侧沟播和传统条播显著提高19.1%和34.7%(P<0.05)。从出苗到成熟期,膜侧宽幅匀播0~25 cm土壤温度较膜侧沟播提高0~1.1℃;较传统条播提高0.1℃~2.2℃。膜侧宽幅匀播技术胡麻籽粒产量为1740 kg·hm^(−2),较膜侧沟播技术和传统条播技术分别显著增产24.5%和55.4%(P<0.05)。研究表明,胡麻膜侧宽幅匀播技术与其它两种栽培模式相比,增产效果显著。A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of wide-line uniform sowing near mulching film on soil water and temperature in flax area of central Gansu.The results showed that the planting pattern improved the soil water content,precipitation use efficiency,water use efficiency and soil temperature.From emergence to maturity,the soil water content in the 0−40 cm soil layer of wide-line sowing was 0.2%−2.4%and 0.6%−4.6%higher than that of furrow sowing near film and the traditional drilling sowing,respectively.The precipitation use efficiency of wide-line sowing near mulching film was 70.1%,3.2%and 9.4%(P<0.05)higher than that of furrow sowing near film and traditional drilling sowing,respectively.The water use efficiency of wide-line sowing was 4.43 kg·hm^(−2)·mm^(−1),19.1%and 34.7%(P<0.05)higher than that of furrow sowing near film and traditional drilling sowing,respectively.From the emergence to maturity,the soil temperature at the soil depth of 0−25 cm under wide-line sowing was 0−1.1℃and 0.1℃−2.2℃higher than furrow sowing on film side and traditional drilling sowing,respectively.The flax seed yield of the wide-line sowing was 1740 kg·hm^(−2),significantly increasing by 24.5%and 55.4%compared to the furrow sowing and the traditional drilling sowing(P<0.05),respectively.The planting pattern of wide-line sowing near mulching film favorited yield gain compared with other two planting patterns.

关 键 词：胡麻 膜侧宽幅匀播 土壤水分效应 土壤温度效应 陇中旱作区 

分 类 号：S318[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]