不同炮制方法对川乌毒性成分的影响及其质量评价  

Effect of Different Processing Methods on Toxic Components of Radix Aconiti and Its Quality Evaluation

作　　者：黄琦 韩秉辰 陈丹丹 黄先菊[1] 李竣[1] 陈晓 HUANG Qi;HAN Bingchen;CHEN Dandan;HUANG Xianju;LI Jun;CHEN Xiao(College of pharmacy to South-Central Minzu University,Wuhan 430070,China;YaoSheng traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Co.,Ltd,Zaoyang 441200,China)

机构地区：[1]中南民族大学药学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]湖北药昇中药科技有限公司,湖北枣阳441200

出　　处：《中国民族民间医药》2023年第16期25-32,共8页Chinese Journal of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy

基　　金：湖北省科技计划支持企业技术创新发展项目(2021BLB174);襄阳市科技计划项目(2021ABS003078);西宁市重大科技专项“藏药炮制理论体系建设与关键技术示范”(2019-Z-09)。

摘　　要：目的:探寻川乌不同方法炮制过程中的关键点及对毒性成分的影响,建立感官评价标准。方法:按照常压煮制、常压蒸制、高压煮制、高压蒸制、切片蒸制、切片煮制6种工艺对川乌进行炮制,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC法)对炮制过程中样品内药典中规定的新乌头碱、乌头碱、次乌头碱、苯甲酰新乌头原碱、苯甲酰乌头原碱、苯甲酰次乌头原碱6种生物碱含量进行检测,并结合斯科维尔指数法对炮制品麻度进行分级,综合形貌特征选择最佳工艺和质量控制点。结果:6种炮制方法中双酯型生物碱总量均符合药典规定的不超过0.040%限量要求,切片蒸制、切片煮制中的单酯型生物碱总含量分别为0.064%、0.031%,不符合药典规定范围0.070%~0.15%;常压煮制、常压蒸制、高压煮制、高压蒸制的单酯型生物碱含量达到峰值的时间分别为2 h、5 h、1 h、0.5 h。川乌切片内心为暗黄或黑色,麻度等级为1或2时符合药典规定“切开内无白心,口尝微有麻舌感”。结论:最佳工艺为川乌浸泡24 h后常压煮制2 h。与生物碱含量测定结果对比,炮制过程中质量控制关键点为川乌切片内心暗黄色、麻度等级为1。Objective To explore the key points in the processing of Radix Aconiti with different methods and their effects on toxic components,and establish sensory evaluation standards.Methods Radix Aconiti was processed according to six processes:normal pressure cooking,normal pressure steaming,high pressure steaming,post slicing steaming and post slicing boiling.High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was used to detect the content of six alkaloids in the sample during processing,neoaconitine,aconitine,hypaconitine,benzoyl neoaconitine,benzoyl aconitine and benzoyl aconitine,as specified in the Pharmacopoeia.and the hemp degree of the processed products was graded by combining Scoville index determination method.The best process and quality control points were selected based on the morphology and characteristics.Results The total content of diester type alkaloids in the six processing methods all met the requirements of the pharmacopoeia,which did not exceed 0.040%of the limit.The total content of monoester type alkaloids in slice steaming and slice boiling was 0.064%and 0.031%respectively,which did not meet the standard of 0.070%~0.15%specified in the pharmacopoeia.The total content of monoester alkaloids prepared under normal pressure,normal pressure,high pressure and high pressure was in line with the range specified in the pharmacopoeia,and the peak time was 2 h,5 h,1 h and 0.5 h respectively.The inner part of the section is dark yellow or black.When the degree of numbness is 1 or 2,it complies with the provisions of the pharmacopoeia:“There is no white heart in the section,and the taste is tingling”.Conclusion The best process is to soak Radix Aconiti for 24 hours and boil it for 2 hours under normal pressure.Compared with the results of alkaloid content determination,the key points of quality control in the processing process are dark yellow inside the Radix Aconiti section and the hemp degree grade is 1.

关 键 词：川乌 生物碱 炮制 斯科维尔指数法 

分 类 号：R283.1[医药卫生—中药学]