海南长臂猿现有天然林栖息地与松树林潜在栖息地的植物物种多样性比较  

Comparison of Plant Species Diversity between the Existing Natural Forest Habitat of Hainan Gibbon’s and the Potential Habitat in Pine Forest

作　　者：柳帅 张德旭 张安安 李哲[2] 龙文兴[1,2,3] 臧润国 张志东[5] 陈远[2] 冯广 陈玉凯 Liu Shuai;Zhang Dexu;Zhang An'an;Li Zhe;Long Wenxing;Zang Runguo;Zhang Zhidong;Chen Yuan;Feng Guang;Chen Yukai(College of Ecology and Environment,Hainan University,Haikou 570228;College of Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou 570228;Hainan National Park Research Institute,Haikou 570228;Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationForest Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091;College of Forestry,Agriculture University of Hebei,Baoding 071001;College of Life Sciences,Hainan Normal University,Haikou 571158)

机构地区：[1]海南大学生态与环境学院,海口570228 [2]海南大学林学院,海口570228 [3]海南国家公园研究院,海口570228 [4]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所,国家林业和草原局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京100091 [5]河北农业大学林学院,保定071001 [6]海南师范大学生命科学学院,海口571158

出　　处：《林业科学》2023年第7期115-127,共13页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金重点项目(U22A20503);海南国家公园研究院资助项目(HD-KYH-2021001)。

摘　　要：【目的】比较相同海拔海南长臂猿现有天然林栖息地与松树林潜在栖息地的林分结构、植物物种组成及多样性,探究二者生境质量差异,科学评估松树人工林恢复状况,为海南长臂猿种群生态空间扩展奠定基础。【方法】以海南热带雨林国家公园霸王岭片区海拔400~800 m区域长臂猿现有天然林栖息地和松树林潜在栖息地为对象,参照CTFS规范在2种生境分别建立59个400 m^(2)样方,调查并分析2种类型生境内林分结构、森林植物及长臂猿食源植物的多样性特征及其差异。【结果】共调查到天然林栖息地植物93科259属450种,其中食源植物43科70属86种,茜草科植物占优势;松树林潜在栖息地植物74科186属301种,其中食源植物29科46属60种,山茶科植物占优势。天然林栖息地森林的树木平均胸径6.30±5.90 cm、平均树高6.02±4.92 m、平均冠幅5.21±12.52 m^(2)、平均冠层厚度2.10±1.65 m和植株密度6 136±1 930株·hm^(-2),这些林分结构因子均高于松树林潜在栖息地(平均胸径5.19±4.19 cm,平均树高5.04±3.38 m,平均冠幅2.87±7.75 m^(2),平均冠层厚度1.99±1.62 m,植株密度5 517±1 901株·hm^(-2));随着径级和树高增大,松树林潜在栖息地森林的树木密度相较天然林栖息地明显减少。在整体尺度上,天然林栖息地内森林群落植物物种的Shannon-Wiener指数与丰富度指数最高(H’=4.37, S=452);松树林潜在栖息地内大型食源植物物种Shannon-Wiener指数与丰富度指数最低(H’=4.37, S=452),但均匀度指数最高(E=0.83)。在20 m×20 m样方尺度上,天然林栖息地不同类型植物的物种丰富度均显著高于松树林潜在栖息地(森林群落植物:t=4.72, P=0.02;食源植物:t=4.61, P=0.01;小型食源植物:t=2.03, P=0.02),大型食源植物Shannon-Wiener指数及物种丰富度指数均极显著高于松树林潜在栖息地(ShannonWiener指数:t=5.03, P<0.001;物种丰富度:t=4.58, P<0.001)。2种生境间的森林群�【Objective】Understanding of the habitat quality of Hainan gibbons(Nomascus hainanus)is crucial to its population conservation. Therefore, this study aims to compare the differences in stand structure, plant species composition and diversity between the current habitat of Hainan gibbons in the natural forest and the potential habitat in the pine forest at the same altitude, and to explore the differences in habitat quality between the two types of habitats, which could help to scientifically evaluate the restoration status of pine forest and finally lay a theoretical foundation for the ecological space expansion of Hainan gibbons.【Method】The existing natural forest habitat of gibbons and the potential habitat of pine forest in the Bawangling area of Hainan tropical rainforest national park at an altitude of 400-800 m were targeted. Based on the CTFS (center for tropical forest science) plot construction standard, a total of 59 plots with each area of 400 m2 were set in the two habitats. The diversity characteristics and differences of stand structure, forest plants and gibbons’ edible plants in the two types of habitats were investigated and analyzed. 【Result】A total of 450 plant species in 93 families and 259 genera were found in the current natural forest habitats, including 86 edible plant species of 43 families and 70 genera which were mainly composed of Rubiaceae taxa. Whereas a total of 301 plant species in 74 families, and 186 genera were found in the pine forest, including 60 species of edible plants in 29 families, and 46 genera, with Camellia species being dominant. The stand structure factors of forest community plants in the natural forest habitats, such as the mean DBH (6.30 cm±5.90 cm), the mean tree height (6.02±4.92 m), mean crown area (5.21±12.52 m^(2)), mean crown thickness (2.10±1.65 m), and plant density (6 136±1 930 plants·hm^(−2)), were all greater than those in the pine forest potential habitats (mean DBH 5.19±4.19 cm, mean tree height 5.04±3.38 m, mean crown area 2.8

关 键 词：海南长臂猿 松树林 林分结构 植物物种多样性 食源植物 栖息地 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学]