秸秆还田和不同耕作方式对旱地小麦花后旗叶衰老及产量的影响  

Effects of Straw Return and Different Tillage Practices on Post-flowering Flag Leaf Senescence and Yield of Dryland Wheat

作　　者：车林 林之栋 赵乐 周煜博 万雪洁 师长海 刘义国 CHE Lin;LIN Zhidong;ZHAO Le;ZHOU Yubo;WAN Xuejie;SHI Changhai;LIU Yiguo(College of Agronomy,Qingdao Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Dry Farming Technology of Shandong Province,Qingdao 266109,China;Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University,Dongying 257347,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学农学院/山东省旱作农业技术重点实验室,山东青岛266109 [2]东营青农大盐碱地高效农业技术产业研究院,山东东营257347

出　　处：《青岛农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第3期159-165,共7页Journal of Qingdao Agricultural University(Natural Science)

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金(ZR2022MC148);山东省农业良种工程子课题(2021LZGC013-6);山东省重点研发项目(2022LZGC005);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2022QC081);山东省高等学校青创科技支持计划(2019KJF013);黄三角国家农高区科技专项(2022SZX20)。

摘　　要：秸秆还田搭配土壤耕作对作物生长特性及产量有实质性的影响。本研究通过设置旋耕+秸秆还田(RS)、免耕+秸秆还田(NS)、深松+秸秆还田(SS)、深耕+秸秆还田(DS)以及旋耕+秸秆不还田(CK)5个处理来探究秸秆还田搭配土壤耕作方式对小麦旗叶衰老、产量及产量构成因素的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,秸秆还田与不同的耕作方式缓解了叶绿素与可溶性蛋白的降解,SOD、CAT与POD活性均保持较高的水平,SS处理酶活性持续时间最长,活性最高,其次为NS;旗叶MDA含量表现为CK>RS>DS>NS>SS,秸秆还田与不同的耕作方式显著延缓了小麦花后旗叶衰老。在秸秆还田条件下,不同的耕作方式降低了旱地小麦出苗率与公顷穗数,但提高了分蘖成穗率,SS处理穗粒数、千粒重、产量均最高,显著高于其他处理,分别比CK提高27.62%、10.91%、25.17%。综上所述,在旱地秸秆还田条件下,深松处理有利于缓解小麦旗叶的衰老,提高小麦产量。Straw returning to the field with soil tillage has a substantial impact on crop growth characteristics and yield.In this study,five treatments,rotary tillage+straw return(RS),no-tillage+straw return(NS),subsoil tillage+straw return(SS),deep plowing tillage+straw return(DS),and rotary tillage+no straw return(CK),were used to investigate the effects of straw return with soil tillage on post-flowering flag leaf senescence,yield,and yield components of wheat.The results showed that compared to CK straw return and different tillage practices alleviated the degradation of chlorophyll and soluble protein and the activity of SOD,CAT and POD were maintained at higher levels,the SS treatment had the longest duration of enzyme activity and had the highest activity,followed by NS.The flag leaf MDA content of CK,RS,DS,NS,and SS decreased in order.Together,straw return and different tillage practices significantly delayed post-flowering flag leaf senescence in wheat.Under the conditions of straw return,the different tillage practices reduced dryland wheat seeding emergence rate and number of spikes per hectare,but increased the percentage of available tiller.The SS treatment had the highest kernerl number per spike,thousand-grain-weight and yield,which were significantly higher than other treatments,and 27.62%,10.91%,and 25.17%higher than that of CK,respectively.In conclusion,under dryland straw return conditions,subsoil tillage was beneficial to alleviate the senescence of wheat flag leaf and improve wheat yield.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 耕作方式 小麦 旗叶衰老 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]