三七园地土壤养分状况调查分析  

Investigation and Analysis of Nutrient Status for Panax Notoginseng Plantation Soils

作　　者：宫峥嵘 陈强[1] 王一峰[1] 欧小宏 刘大会 王维 GONG Zhengrong;CHEN Qiang;WANG Yifeng;OU Xiaohong;LIU Dahui;WANG Wei(Technique College of Agriculture and Forestry,Longnan Teachers College,Longnan 742500,China;Center for Research&Development of Longnan Characteristic Agro-Bioresource,Longnan 742500,China;Resource Institute for Chinese&Ethnic Materia Medica of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550025,China;College of Pharmacy,Hubei University of Chinese Medicine,Wuhan 430065,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]陇南师范高等专科学校农林技术学院,甘肃陇南742500 [2]陇南特色农业生物资源研究开发中心,甘肃陇南742500 [3]贵州中医药大学中药民族药资源研究院,贵州贵阳550025 [4]湖北中医药大学药学院,湖北武汉430065 [5]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《青岛农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第3期209-219,共11页Journal of Qingdao Agricultural University(Natural Science)

基　　金：三七全国生产区划研究项目(2030302);甘肃省青年科技基金项目(21JR7RK915);陇南市科技计划项目(2021-18);陇南师专研究机构重点项目(2021A-01)。

摘　　要：综合调查分析园地土壤养分状况对科学指导三七养分管理与高效施肥至关重要。采集不同产区的三七园地土壤样品并测定其中39份表土(0~20 cm)、24份心土(20~40 cm)的酸碱度和14项养分指标,结果发现:表土有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷、速效钾、有效锌、有效硼含量显著高于心土;与传统产区相比,除了全钾、有效铁、有效锌含量,新产区表土养分指标值均较高,且有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾含量等指标的差异达显著水平;全钾、有效锰、有效硼含量呈缺乏及以下等级的表土占比分别为74.37%、53.85%、94.87%,其他养分指标呈丰富及以上等级的表土占比均大于58.97%。运用主成分分析法和聚类分析法对土壤进行综合评价,结果表明:表土养分状况可分为极高、高、中、低4级,占比分别为2.56%、35.90%、58.97%、2.56%。总体而言:所调查的园地土壤综合养分状况普遍较好,其中新产区园地土壤更好;三七园地应采集表土进行土壤养分状况分析;三七园地,特别是新产区园地,应适度增施硼肥、锰肥,减施氮肥、磷肥、钾肥和钙镁磷肥,并提高肥料施用的整体效率。Comprehensive investigation and analysis of the nutrient status for plantation soils are pivotal to scientifical guidance on efficient fertilization and nutrient management for Panax notoginseng cultivation.After 39 topsoil(0-20 cm)and 24 subsoil(20-40 cm)samples from different production regions were collected,acidity and 14 nutrient indices were measured.The results revealed that contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,rapidly available potassium,available zinc,and available boron in the topsoil were significantly higher than those in the subsoil.Compared with traditional production regions,topsoil of the new production regions had higher nutrient values(except total potassium,available iron and available zinc),with significant differences in organic matter,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,and rapidly available potassium.Topsoil samples with total potassium,available manganese,and available boron at deficiency or lower levels respectively accounted for 74.37%,53.85%,and 94.87%,while those with each of the other nutrients at abundance or higher levels made up more than 58.97%of the total.From comprehensive evaluations by principal component analysis and cluster analysis methods,it was found that the nutrient status of the topsoil could be classified into four levels:extremely high,high,medium,and low,accounting for 2.56%,35.90%,58.97%,and 2.56%,respectively.In conclusion,the investigated plantation soils showed generally favorable nutrient conditions,and the new production regions were better.It is suggested to gather topsoil samples for nutrient analysis of Panax notoginseng plantations.For overall efficient fertilizer applications in these plantations,particularly the new production regions,moderate increases in boron and manganese fertilizers,along with reductions in nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and fused calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizers are advised.

关 键 词：三七 园地土壤 养分调查 综合分级 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学] S567.236[农业科学—农业基础科学]