从恩格斯唯物史观思想看社会形态演变的非决定性  

The Non-determinism of the Social Form Evolution from Engels’Materialist Conception of History

作　　者：李济广[1] LI Ji-guang(School of Economics,Jiangsu University of Technology,Changzhou 213015,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏理工学院经济学院,江苏常州213015

出　　处：《宁波大学学报（人文科学版）》2023年第5期1-11,共11页Journal of Ningbo University：Liberal Arts Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“建党100年来马克思主义信仰教育的发展历程与经验研究”(21BKS088)。

摘　　要：恩格斯对唯物史观的完善和具体化是理解经济制度与生产力偏离的钥匙。生产力是经济制度和生产方式的历史条件和物质基础,但阶级斗争、政治斗争、国家权力、意识形态、历史参与者及其历史人物、地缘环境和外部影响、交换方式等历史动力,往往会使基本经济制度及其生产关系与生产力之间的关系复杂而不机械对应。因此,“生产力决定生产关系”“有什么样的生产力就有什样的生产关系”的刚性关系不成立;生产力要求经济制度适合自己的发展,但“生产关系一定要适合生产力状况”的机械性关系不成立;经济制度受生产力制约具有长期总体必然性,但在具体的历史变革中呈现多样性、弹性和偶然性。与此相应,经济是上层建筑的长期总体基础,但“有什么样的经济基础就有什么样的上层建筑”的表述是机械经济基础论;上层建筑并非“一定要适合经济基础的状况”,而且会反对、改造即决定经济基础。经济制度演变的科学原理,启示我们正确理解社会主义事业的现状和未来。Engels’improvement and concretization of the materialist conception of history provide the key to understanding the deviation between economic systems and productive forces.Productive forces are the historical conditions and material basis of economic systems and modes of production.However,factors such as class struggle,political strife,state power,ideology,historical actors and personalities,geographical environment,external influences,and modes of exchange often result in a complex and nonmechanical correspondence between the basic economic system,its relations of production,and the productive forces.Therefore,the rigid relationship of“productive forces determine the relations of production”or“the relations of production must correspond to the productive forces”is not valid.While productive forces require economic systems to be suitable for their development,the mechanical relationship of“the relations of production must definitely correspond to the state of productive forces”is not valid either.Economic systems are subject to long-term overall inevitability constrained by the productive forces,but they exhibit diversity,flexibility,and contingency in specific historical transformations.Correspondingly,economics serves as the long-term overall foundation of the superstructure,but the statement of“the superstructure corresponds to the economic base”is a mechanical economic determinism.The superstructure does not necessarily have to correspond to the state of the economic base;it can oppose and transform the economic base.The scientific principles of the evolution of economic systems enlighten us to correctly understand the current state and future of the socialist cause.

关 键 词：恩格斯 唯物史观 基本经济制度 生产关系 生产力 

分 类 号：B017[哲学宗教—哲学理论]