乌鲁木齐市2021年采暖期与非采暖期大气中PM2.5污染特征及来源分析  

Pollution characteristics and sources of PM_(2.5)during heating and non-heating periods in Urumqi City in 2021

作　　者：李婷[1] 张莹[1] 李二帅 马宇熙[1] LI Ting;ZHANG Ying;LI Er-shuai;MA Yu-xi(Urumqi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Urumqi,Xingjiang 830026,China)

机构地区：[1]乌鲁木齐市疾病预防控制中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830026

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2023年第6期631-636,共6页China Tropical Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解2021年乌鲁木齐市采暖期与非采暖期大气中PM_(2.5)污染特征及来源,为对不同时期大气中PM_(2.5)污染控制提供科学依据。方法选择乌鲁木齐市A和B区,采集空气样本188份,对其中12种金属元素及5种水溶性离子进行定量检测,并通过富集因子法和主成分分析法对污染来源进行分析。结果2021年乌鲁木齐市A和B区大气PM_(2.5)质量浓度分别为45.0(20.0,158)μg/m^(3)和28.0(17.5,66.0)μg/m^(3),采暖期分别为110(68.0,250)μg/m^(3)和61.0(31.0,88.0)μg/m^(3),差异均有统计学意义(Z=-2.870,-3.822,P均<0.01),而非采暖期分别为18.0(13.0,22.3)μg/m^(3)和18.0(12.8,22.0)μg/m^(3),差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.596,P>0.05)。A区和B区采暖期和非采暖期SNA(SO_(4)^(2-)、NO_(3)-和NH4_(+)三者之和)在PM_(2.5)中分别占71.7%和23.4%、60.7%和24.9%,差异均有统计学意义(Z=-8.057,-6.672,P均<0.01);A区和B区采暖期和非采暖期NO3-/SO42-分别为0.63和0.54、0.72和0.53,差异均有统计学意义(Z=-2.382,-3.182,P均<0.05);两区采暖期与非采暖期的NO3-与SO42-比值均<1。5种水溶性离子间相关性显著(P<0.05),A、B区采暖期NH4+与SO_(4)^(2-)、NO_(3)-、Cl-的相关系数均>0.9,表明NH4+与SO_(4)^(2-)、NO_(3)-、Cl-以(NH4)_(2)SO_(4)、NH_(4)HSO_(4)、NH_(4)NO_(3)、NH4Cl的结合方式存在,非采暖期NH4+与各离子间相关性略低。A区采暖期Sb、As、Cd、Pb、Tl为重度富集(EF>100),非采暖期As、Cd、Pb、Tl、Hg为重度富集(EF>100);B区采暖期Sb、As、Cd、Pb、Hg为重度富集(EF>100),B区非采暖期Sb、Cd、Hg为重度富集(EF>100)。燃煤排放、光化学二次污染、机动车尾气、扬尘及工业污染为两区PM_(2.5)的主要污染源,且固定源贡献率大于移动源。结论2021年乌鲁木齐市A区大气PM_(2.5)质量浓度、水溶性离子及金属元素均高于B区,采暖期高于非采暖期,A区超标率高于B区,大气污染固定源贡献率大于移动源。Objective To understand the pollution characteristics and sources of PM_(2.5)in the atmosphere during heating and non-heating periods in Urumqi City in 2021,and provide scientific basis for pollution control during different periods.Method A total of 188 air samples were collected from area A and area B of Urumqi City,and 12 metal elements and 5 watersoluble ions were quantitatively analyzed,and the pollution sources were analyzed by enrichment factor method and principal component analysis method.Results In 2021,the mass concentrations of PM_(2.5)in areas A and B of Urumqi were 45.0(20.0,158)µg/m^(3)and 28.0(17.5,66.0)µg/m^(3),respectively,with statistically significant difference(Z=-2.870,P<0.05).During the heating period,the concentrations were 110(68.0,250)µg/m^(3)and 61.0(31.0,88.0)µg/m^(3),respectively,with no statistically significant difference(Z=-3.822,P<0.01).During the non-heating period,the concentrations were 18.0(13.0,22.3)µg/m^(3)and 18.0(12.8,22.0)µg/m^(3),respectively,with no statistically significant difference(Z=-0.596,P>0.05).The SNA(the sum of SO_(4)^(2-),NO_(3)-and NH4+)accounted for 71.7%and 23.4%of PM_(2.5)in A area during heating and non-heating periods,respectively,with statistically significant difference(Z=-8.057,P<0.01);the corresponding proportions in B area were 60.7%and 24.9%,with statistically significant difference(Z=-6.672,P<0.01).During the heating and non-heating periods,the ratios of NO_(3)-/SO_(4)^(2-)are 0.63 and 0.54 in A area were 0.63 and 0.54,respectively,with statistically significant difference(Z=-2.382,P<0.05);and the corresponding ratios in B area were 0.72 and 0.53,respectively,with statistically significant difference(Z=-3.182,P<0.05).The ratio of NO3-to SO_(4)^(2-)was less than 1 in both heating and non-heating periods in the two areas.and the correlation between five water-soluble ions was significant(P<0.05).The correlation coefficient between NH4+and SO42-,NO3-and Cl-in A and B areas during heating periods were all>0.9,indicating that NH4+and SO42-,NO3-a

关 键 词：大气细颗粒物 采暖期 非采暖期 污染特征 来源分析 

分 类 号：R122.7[医药卫生—环境卫生学]