光谱分析技术在内蒙古五当召壁画分析中的应用  

Application of Spectroscopic Techniques in Investigation of the Mural in Lam Rim Hall of Wudang Lamasery,China

作　　者：郑逸轩 潘晓轩 郭宏 陈坤龙 罗傲特根 ZHENG Yi-xuan;PAN Xiao-xuan;GUO Hong;CHEN Kun-long;LUO Ao-te-gen(Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science&Technology,University of Science&Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;China Academy of Cultural Heritage,Beijing 100029,China;Administration Office of Wudang Lamasery,Baotou 014070,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学科技史与文化遗产研究院,北京100083 [2]中国文化遗产研究院,北京100029 [3]包头市五当召综合保障中心,内蒙古包头014070

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2023年第9期2849-2854,共6页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1522404)资助。

摘　　要：报道了X射线衍射光谱、拉曼光谱、红外光谱、高光谱等多种光谱技术在五当召剌弥仁殿壁画制作材料与工艺研究中的应用。五当召位于包头市阴山山脉腹地,是内蒙古地区现存规模最大的格鲁派召庙,剌弥仁殿是其六大经殿之一。殿内壁画具有清代以来藏传佛教壁画的鲜明特点,但受多种病害影响,亟需保护修复。使用多种光谱技术对壁画各结构层材质进行分析,了解其制作工艺,为壁画保护修复提供依据。X射线衍射及激光粒度分析结果表明,壁画泥质地仗的物相组成以石英、钠长石、方解石为主,比例与当地生土基本一致,仅通过物理筛分和掺加不同植物纤维的方式区分粗、细泥层。拉曼光谱分析结果表明,壁画所用颜料有朱砂、铅丹、巴黎绿、群青、铬黄等,后三种人工颜料于19世纪中后叶进入中国;结合相关文献档案,可推断壁画的绘制时代。红外光谱结合色谱、质谱联用技术分析结果表明,壁画颜料层胶结材料是动物胶,表面涂层是一种干性油薄膜,但油料来源与加工工艺的判断仍需要更多的线索。壁画纸张上的红色藏文印记通过高光谱成像技术提取后,经最小噪声分离和波段运算处理,文字的可识读性大幅提高。针对复合材质类文物,多种光谱分析技术的联合应用可以较为全面地揭示其结构、材料、影像等多元信息,是目前深入研究彩绘类文物的基本手段。This article reveals materials and techniques used in the mural in Lam Rim Hall of Wudang Lamasery,which is situated on a hillside of the Yin Mountains in Baotou City of Inner Mongolia,China.The mural was drawn on paper and preserved on the south wall of the hall.It has suffered significant deterioration,such as craquelure,flaking,and paint loss,due to environmental aging or human influences.Before restoring,several spectral techniques,including XRD,Laser particle size analysis,Raman,FTIR-ATR,Hyperspectral,and THM-Py-GC-MS,were used to investigate the compositions and properties of the mural.The results showed that the mural keeps a typical characteristic of Tibetan Buddhism wall painting,while the specificity of times and region about materials and techniques.Both coarse and fine plaster is dominated by quartz,albite and calcite,the composition is consistent with the local raw soil,but with different particle sizes and mixed with different plant fibres.A paper layer is between the plaster and paint layer,hyperspectral was used to extract the red Tibetan marks on the paper,and the legibility substantially improves with MNF and Band Math.Raman analysis showed that vermilion,red lead,chrome yellow,emerald green,and synthetic ultramarine were used in the frame,and the latter three were synthesized in a European lab and did not enter China until the late 19th century.FTIR-ATR and THM-Py-GC-MS results indicated that the surface is coated by a dry oil film,but still,it needs further work to determine its source and processing,and alkyd resin is also be detected as a kind of restoration material.

关 键 词：五当召 壁画文物 光谱分析 

分 类 号：K879.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]