人脑类器官的道德地位问题  

Issues on Moral Status of Human Brain Organoids

作　　者：罗会宇 马永慧[2] LUO Hui-yu;MA Yong-hui(School of Marxism,Xinxiang Medical University,Xinxiang 453003;Centre for Bioethics,Medical College,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361102,China)

机构地区：[1]新乡医学院马克思主义学院,新乡453003 [2]厦门大学医学院生命伦理学研究中心,厦门361102

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2023年第5期75-80,共6页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金年度项目“人源类器官研究和应用中的伦理问题”(22BZX130)。

摘　　要：人脑类器官(human brain organoids)能够突破传统疾病研究模型的瓶颈,成为探索人类大脑发育、脑部相关疾病发生机制以及药物筛选和基因治疗的优质模型。然而,在给神经科学领域带来革命性变化的同时,人脑类器官也将引发诸多伦理新问题,其中道德地位评估尤为关键。拥有利益的实体才拥有道德地位,而意识决定其利益诉求。与人脑类器官道德地位相关的意识有现象意识、通达意识和自我意识,应设置最低限度现象意识、通达意识和类人自我意识三个观测点,以评估人脑类器官的道德地位并规范相应研究行为。Human brain organoids can avoid the limitations of traditional disease research models and become a high-quality model to explore human brain development,the pathogenesis of neurological diseases,drug screening and gene therapy.However,while bringing revolutionary advancement to the field of neuroscience,human brain organoids will also provoke various new ethical problems,of which moral status assessment is particularly critical.We argue only entities with interests have moral status,and their interests are dependent on the level of consciousness.Consciousness that related to the moral status of human brain organs includes phenomenon consciousness,access consciousness,and self-consciousness.We propose that three observational points,namely,minimum phenomenon consciousness,access consciousness and human-like self-consciousness,should be set to evaluate the level of moral status of human brain organs and regulate brain organoids research activities accordingly.

关 键 词：人脑类器官 道德地位 现象意识 通达意识 自我意识 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]