气候变化和人类活动对河流营养盐通量过程影响研究综述  

A review on the effects of climate change and human activities on nutrient flux processes in rivers

作　　者：蒋聘凤 童思陈[1,3] 黄国鲜 许光祥 胡鹏[4] 许新发 JIANG Pinfeng;TONG Sichen;HUANG Guoxian;XU Guangxiang;HU Peng;XU Xinfa(School of River and Ocean Engineering,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China;Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;National Engineering Research Center for Inland Waterway Regulation,Chongqing 400074,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Jiangxi Academy of Water Science and Engineering,Nanchang 330029,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学河海学院,重庆400074 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [3]国家内河航道整治工程技术研究中心,重庆400074 [4]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [5]江西省水利科学院,江西南昌330029

出　　处：《水资源与水工程学报》2023年第4期23-34,44,共13页Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3101701、2018YFB1600400);国家水科学联合基金(U2240202)。

摘　　要：河流运输是全球生物地球化学循环中营养物质从陆地到海洋的重要途径。河流营养盐在入海通量中的占比非常大,然而,受气候变化和人类活动的双重影响,河流的营养盐过程发生了不可忽视的变化。考虑数据监测和数值模拟两种河流营养盐数据获取方法,总结了河流营养盐通量计算的研究进展,揭示了世界大河营养盐通量变化过程趋势。此外,从气温升高和极端天气的角度分析了河流营养盐过程对气候变化的响应,从土地利用、大型水利工程和水环境修复和管理等角度探讨了人类活动对河流营养盐过程的作用。最后在现有研究成果分析和总结的基础上,对气候变化影响、人类活动影响、水质监测技术、模型模拟计算以及水环境保护和管理方面展望了未来需要加强探索的方向。River transport is an important pathway for nutrient transmission from land to sea in the global biogeochemical cycles.River nutrients account for a very large proportion of the flux into the sea.However,due to the dual impact of human activities and climate change,the transmission process of river nutrients has undergone great changes.Considering the two methods of data monitoring and numerical simulation of nutrients in rivers,we summarized the research progress of river nutrient flux calculation and revealed the trend of nutrient flux change in the world’s major rivers.In addition,the response of river nutrient process to climate change is analyzed from the perspectives of rising temperature and frequent extreme weather events,and the role of human activities in river nutrient process is discussed from the perspectives of land use,large-scale water conservancy projects and future water environment restoration.Finally,it is suggested that the future study should focus on the research of the impact of climate change and human activities,monitoring technology of water quality,numerical simulation and water environment protection and management according to the summary and analysis of the existing research results.

关 键 词：气候变化 人类活动 河流营养盐 营养盐通量 水环境模型 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]