儿童皮肤和气道过敏性疾病的过敏原分布  

Allergen Distribution of Skin and Airway Allergic Diseases in Children

作　　者：赵莉 高捷 ZHAO Li;GAO Jie(Department of Pediatrics,Chuiyangliu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University,Beijing 100022,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学附属垂杨柳医院儿科,北京100022

出　　处：《中国医药指南》2023年第24期13-16,共4页Guide of China Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析0~14岁儿童皮肤和气道过敏性疾病的过敏原分布情况。方法选取2017年1月至2021年12月就诊于清华大学附属垂杨柳医院,诊断为皮肤或气道过敏性疾病,应用免疫印迹法检测血清过敏原特异性IgE(sIgE)抗体的0~14岁患儿的病史资料,回顾性分析过敏原的构成和在2种疾病的分布差异。结果共纳入180例,皮肤和气道过敏性疾病分别为95例、85例。皮肤过敏性疾病过敏原总阳性率48.4%;吸入性过敏原阳性率36.8%,前3位是尘螨组合(屋尘螨/粉尘螨)(14.7%)、艾蒿(13.7%)、猫毛(12.6%);食物过敏原阳性率22.1%,前3位是淡水鱼组合(鲑鱼/鲈鱼/鲤鱼)(30.0%)、蛋清(8.4%)、海鱼组合(鳕鱼/龙虾/扇贝)(5.3%)。气道过敏性疾病过敏原总阳性率72.9%;吸入性过敏原阳性率61.2%,前3位是艾蒿(31.8%)、猫毛(27.1%)、树组合(柳树/杨树/榆树)(20.0%);食物过敏原阳性率30.6%,前3位是淡水鱼组合(鲑鱼/鲈鱼/鲤鱼)(30.8%)、蛋清(16.5%)、牛奶(11.8%)。皮肤和气道过敏性疾病在多种吸入性过敏原sIgE抗体阳性率的比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论多种过敏原与皮肤和气道过敏性疾病有关,不同疾病过敏原分布不同。过敏原sIgE抗体检测可为过敏性疾病的早期诊断和精准治疗提供实验室依据。Objective To analyse the allergen distributions of skin and airway allergic diseases in children aged 0 to 14 years old.Methods Children aged 0 to 14 years old diagnosed with skin or airway allergic diseases at Chuiyangliu Hospital affiliated to Tsinghua University from January 2017 to December 2021 were selected,and the serum allergen-specific IgE(sIgE)antibodies were detected by immunoblotting.The positive rates of allergen sIgE antibodies and the differences in two kinds of diseases were analysed retrospectively.Results A total of 180 children were included,95 cases were diagnosed with skin allergic diseases,and 85 cases were diagnosed with airway allergic diseases.In the group of skin allergic diseases,the total positive rate of allergens was 48.4%;the positive rate of inhalation allergens was 36.8%,and the top three inhalation allergens were dust mite combination(house dust mite/dust mite)(14.7%),mugwort(13.7%)and cat fur(12.6%);the positive rate of food allergens was 22.1%,and the top three food allergens were freshwater fish combination(salmon/bass/carp)(30.0%),egg white(8.4%)and marine fish combination(cod/lobster/scallop)(5.3%).In the group of airway allergic diseases,the total positive rate of allergens was 72.9%;the positive rate of inhalation allergens was 61.2%,and the top three inhalation allergens were mugwort(31.8%),cat fur(27.1%)and tree combination(willow/poplar/elm)(20.0%);the positive rate of food allergens was 30.6%,and the top three food allergens were freshwater fish combination(salmon/bass/carp)(30.8%),egg white(16.5%)and milk(11.8%).The positive rates of multiple inhalation allergen sIgE antibodies for skin and airway allergic diseases were compared,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Multiple allergens are associated with skin and airway allergic diseases,and the distributions of allergens vary.The detection of allergen sIgE antibodies can provide a basis for the early diagnosis and precision treatment of allergic diseases.

关 键 词：皮肤 气道 过敏性疾病 过敏原 特异性IGE抗体 免疫印迹法 儿童 

分 类 号：R725[医药卫生—儿科]