2021年四川省1926家企业矽尘危害情况分析  

Analysis of silica dust hazards in 1926 enterprises in Sichuan Province in 2021

作　　者：高尚 杜秋霞[1] 邱乐平[1] GAO Shang;DU Qiuxia;QIU Leping(Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省疾病预防控制中心,成都610041

出　　处：《职业卫生与病伤》2023年第4期203-207,共5页Occupational Health and Damage

基　　金：四川省软科学研究计划(项目编号:2021JDR0338)。

摘　　要：目的 通过开展用人单位工作场所职业病危害因素监测,分析四川省接触矽尘岗位危害现状,为矽尘危害的防控提供科学依据。方法 2021年8月至11月对四川省1 926家存在矽尘危害的企业进行现场矽尘检测,通过调查表收集防尘设施情况、防尘口罩使用情况及接触矽尘工人职业健康检查情况,采用SPSS 21.0软件采用卡方检验进行统计分析,检验水准为α=0.05。结果 1 926家企业以制造业、采矿业为主,检测矽尘岗位数5 622个,超标岗位数1 117个,超标率为19.87%;检测矽尘工作场所点数8 358个,超标工作场所点数1 269个,超标率为15.18%。89.77%的企业有防尘设施,10.23%的企业无防尘设施,94.16%的企业防尘设施有效。91.12%的企业发放防尘口罩,8.88%的企业未发放防尘口罩,96.52%企业的防尘口罩有效。应职业健康检查40 296人,实际职业健康检查31 922人,检查率为79.22%,职业健康检查异常人数476人,异常率为1.49%。结论 四川省矽尘危害形势不容乐观,应加强监测和监管,开展专项治理,重点加强对采矿业、制造业、建筑业等行业的矽尘防治。Objective To analyze the current situation of occupational hazards in posts exposed to silica dust in Sichuan Province through monitoringg occupational disease hazard factors in the workplace of employers,and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of silica dust hazards.Methods On-site detection of silica dust was conducted in 1926 enterprises with silica dust hazards in Sichuan Province from August to November in 2021.The situation of the dust prevention facilities and the use of dust masks,as well as occupational health examinations among workers exposed to silica dust,were collected through questionnaires.SPSS 21.0 softwareewas usedfor statistical analysis by Chi-square test,and the test level wasα=0.05.Results The 1926 enterprises were mainly manufacturing and mining industries.A total of 5622 positions exposed to silica dust were detected,and 1117 positions exceeded the standard,with an exceeding rate of 19.87%.The number of workplace points detected was 8358,and the number of workplace points exceeding the standard d was 1269,withan exceeding rate of 15.18%.A total of 89.77%of enterprises had dustproof facilities,10.23%had no dustproof facilities,and 94.16%had effective dustproof facilities.And 91.12%of enterprises issued dust masks,8.88%of enterprises did not,and 96.52%of enterprises issued effective dust masks.A total of 40296 people should undergo occupational health examinations,and 31922 people actually undergo occupational health examinations,with an examination rate of 79.22%.There were 476 people with abnormal occupational health examinations,with an abnormality rate of 1.49%.Conclusions The situation of silicon dust hazards in Sichuan Province is not optimistic.Monitoring and regulation should be strengthened,and special treatment should be carried out,with emphasis on strengthening the prevention and control of silicon dust in mining,manufacturing,construction,and other industries.

关 键 词：矽尘 职业危害 监测 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]