我国东南沿岸及复杂山地近31年主汛期降水气候特征分析  

Analysis of Climatic Characteristics of Precipitation in the Main Flood Season in the Southeast Coast and Complex Mountainous Areas of China in the Last 31 Years

作　　者：吴政秋 庞波 赖辉煌 陈钰 Wu Zheng-qiu(Climate Center of Fujian Province,Fuzhou,Fujian 350028)

机构地区：[1]福建省气候中心,福建福州350028 [2]福建省气象灾害防御技术中心,福建福州350028 [3]福建省九仙山气象站,福建泉州362500 [4]福州软件职业技术学院,福建福州350213

出　　处：《农业灾害研究》2023年第7期141-143,共3页Journal of Agricultural Catastrophology

基　　金：福建省气象局青年科技专项项目(2021Q08)。

摘　　要：选取福建省1990—2020年4—9月国家自动气象站逐小时降水资料,采用数理统计和百分位法等对我国东南沿岸及复杂山地近31年主汛期降水气候特征进行研究。结果表明:(1)我国东南沿岸及复杂山地近31年主汛期降水极不均匀,强降水带位于山区,平原盆地降水较弱;全省年平均降水量为1216.60 mm,年降水量最大值在东部柘荣、周宁、寿宁和宁德等山地,超过1500 mm,最小值位于东南沿岸地区,不足500 mm;(2)降水标准差分布受极端强降水影响较大,90%、95%、99%百分位极端强降水在东部、西北部和南部年降水量波动大且强度较强,中部地区较弱且相对平均值变幅较小;(3)上述气候特征受到复杂地形因素的影响,高海拔山地丘陵地形复杂,东南沿岸多平原盆地,海陆差异较大,降水具有极强的不均匀性。Using hourly precipitation data from the National Automatic Weather Station in Fujian Province from April to September 1990,mathematical statistics and percentile methods were used to study the climatic characteristics of precipitation during the main flood season in the southeast coast and complex mountainous areas of China in the past 31 years.The results show that:(1)The main flood season precipitation in the southeast coast and complex mountainous areas of China in the past 31 years was extremely uneven,with strong precipitation zones located in mountainous areas and weak precipitation in plain basins;The average annual precipitation of the whole province was 1216.60 mm,with the maximum annual precipitation in the eastern mountains of Zherong,Zhouning,Shouning,and Ningde,exceeding 1500 mm,and the minimum annual precipitation in the southeast coastal areas,less than 500 mm;(2)The distribution of precipitation standard deviation was greatly affected by extreme strong precipitation,with 90%,95%,and 99%percentile extreme strong precipitation in the east,northwest,and south having large fluctuations and strong intensity in annual precipitation,while the central region has weak fluctuations and small relative average variation;(3)The above climatic characteristics were due to the influence of complex topographic factors.The terrain of high altitude mountains and hills was complex,and there were many plains and basins along the southeast coast.There were significant differences between land and sea,and precipitation was highly uneven.

关 键 词：东南沿岸 复杂山地 主汛期降水 气候特征 

分 类 号：P458[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]