机器语言批判  

Critique of Machine Language

作　　者：夏莹 Xia Ying

机构地区：[1]四川美术学院 [2]清华大学哲学系,北京100084

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2023年第6期40-48,177,共10页Exploration and Free Views

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“当代西方马克思主义的资本主义批判理论范式转变研究”(22&ZD018);国家社科基金重点项目“当代全球资本主义视域下的《资本论》研究”(19AZD002)。

摘　　要：海德格尔的技术语言批判准确地指认了人类语言的言说方式被技术的输入输出方式所决定的宿命,却没能进一步揭示为何人类会不断发展人工智能,也即其内在动力机制,根本原因在于他未能如马克思那样将技术的发展与资本的增值强制紧密关联起来。马克思在其著名的“机器论片段”中提出自动化的“机器体系”,不仅指认这一机器体系让工人成为机器的智能器官,同时还指出资本家采用机器的根本动力在于不断压缩工人的必要劳动,以便获得工人由剩余劳动创造的剩余价值。在这一意义上,ChatGPT应被概括为“机器语言”,它的不断迭代并不是源于技术革新的探索,而是源于资本逻辑的增值强制。因此暂时的技术“叫停”不会从根本上阻止类似人工智能发展的进程,目前我们更紧迫的任务是在充分理解其内在驱动的资本力量以及现代人交流表达的信息化和碎片化的基础上,限制资本逻辑的无限扩张,尝试消解日益抽象而扁平的生活经验,培养一种更富有“讲述性”的体验及表达方式。Heidegger's critique of technological language accurately identifies the destiny of human language being determined by the input and output methods of technology.However,he fails to further disclose why humans continuously develop the intrinsic driving mechanisms of artificial intelligence.The cause is that he fails to closely link the development of technology with the logic of capital,as Marx did.In his famous“machine chapter fragment”,Marx proposed the automated“machine system”,not only pointing out that this machine system makes workers become intelligent organs of machines,but also pointing out that the fundamental drive of capitalists to adopt machines is to constantly compress the necessary labor of workers,so as to obtain workers from surplus labor and create surplus value.In this sense,Chat GPT should be categorized as“machine language”,where its continuous iteration stems not from technological innovation exploration but from the capital's coercive drive for value creation.Therefore,temporary technological“halt”will not fundamentally impede the progression of artificial intelligence development.

关 键 词：ChatGPT 技术语言 机器体系 机器语言 资本逻辑 

分 类 号：H08[语言文字—语言学] TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]