利益与方略:20世纪30年代"整理黄河故道"的提出、论争和嬗变  

Interests and Strategies:The Proposal,Controversy and Evolution of the"Reorganizing the Old Course of the Yellow River" in the 1930s

作　　者：李发根 温小平 Li Fagen;Wen Xiaoping

机构地区：[1]山东大学历史文化学院,济南250100 [2]海南大学马克思主义学院,海口570228

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第4期144-157,224,共15页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目"近代治淮文献收集整理与数据库建设"(22AZS016)。

摘　　要：1935年9月,山东省政府主席韩复榘在致蒋介石的密电中,提出"整理黄河故道"。主要举措是分流近半黄河水经故道入海,并以提案交给行将召开的国民党第五次全国代表大会。该方案是在当时黄河于山东鄄城决口,造成鲁西、苏北数十县被灾,尤其是黄河北徙后,伴随国家经世战略转向,鲁省黄灾频发、愈重的背景下提出的。由于明清国家治水将全部黄河水逼向苏北,引发区域社会生态逆转,加之故道淤垫、堤岸残破,特别是数百万亩滩地被开发利用,引水复故关乎地方财政、民生等至重且大。不同于明清时期被人为牺牲的"局部"地区,此时苏北已属畿辅之地;导淮入海这一旨在维护核心区的国家重大工程集中于此;同时,关乎国民政府财政命脉的淮北盐场亦地处苏北。因此,"整理黄河故道"甫经提出,就受到中央和江苏各方的重重阻力,终归流产。In September 1935,Han Fuju,Chairman of the Shandong Provincial Government,proposed in a confidential telegram to Chiang Kai-shek to"regulate the old course of the Yellow River".The main measure was to divert nearly half of the Yellow River's water into the sea through the old course and a proposal was submitted to the upcoming Fifth National Congress of the Kuomintang.This proposal was put forward at the time when the Yellow River broke through in Juancheng,Shandong,causing great disasters to dozens of counties in western Shandong and northern Jiangsu;especially under the background when the Yellow River migrated northward,together with the shift of the national governance strategy,disasters caused by the Yellow River in Shandong Province became more frequent and severe.Due to the regulation strategy towards the Yellow River in the Ming and Qing dynasties,which forced all the Yellow River water towards the north of Jiangsu,causing a regional social and ecological reversal.In addition,the old course of the Yellow River was silted up and the banks of which were damaged,especially millions of acres of floodplain areas were developed and utilized.Diverting the Yellow River's water to its old course was of utmost importance to local finance and people's livelihood,etc.Unlike the so-called "local"areas that were sacrificed during the Ming and Qing dynasties,the northern part of Jiangsu Province then belonged to the surrounding area of the national capital.What's more,the national major project of guiding the Huai River into the sea,aimed at maintaining the core area of and near the capital,was concentrated here.At the same time,the Huaibei Salt Field,which was related to the financial lifeline of the National Government,was also located in northern Jiangsu.Therefore,the proposal of"regulating the old course of Yellow River"met with heavy resistance from the central government and various parties in Jiangsu,and ultimately resulted in miscarriage.

关 键 词：黄河治理 黄河故道 导淮 韩复榘 

分 类 号：TV882.1[水利工程—水利水电工程] K26[历史地理—历史学]