公共产品视角下中国参与北极治理的路径  

China’s Approaches to Arctic Governance from the Perspective of Public Goods

作　　者：谈谭 TAN Tan

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院国际事务与公共管理学院,上海201701

出　　处：《国际展望》2023年第5期77-98,163,164,共24页Global Review

摘　　要：北极治理是与北极各领域治理目标和规则相关的制度安排及实践。绝大多数北极问题都具有跨国境和跨区域的特点。当前北极治理效果不彰的主要原因是公共产品供给不足。北极治理的全球性特征决定了公共产品的供给不可能仅由北极国家或区域机制参与和主导。中国作为近北极国家和北极利益攸关方,不仅有参与北极治理的权利,而且应积极为北极治理提供公共产品,以改善治理绩效。目前北极治理急需的知识技术类公共产品供给严重不足,环境和生态系统保护类公共产品的供给有待加强,合理利用北极资源和航道的国际规则亟待制定。就中国来说,提升北极治理绩效的最佳方式是在充分发挥自身特长的“单一最大努力”基础上,力求与其他国家合作供给高质量公共产品。循此路径,中国应大力提升知识技术类公共产品的供给能力,积极参与完善海洋环境和生态系统保护类公共产品的供给机制,在尊重北极国家主权和原住民权益的前提下,积极参与北极地区经济可持续发展,同时积极促进北极航道航行规则的合理化。Arctic governance encompasses a variety of institutions,goals,and regulations.The vast majority of Arctic issues have cross-border and cross regional characteristics.In essence,they are global public issues.Arctic governance is“ineffective”now,mainly due to the widening gap between the supply and demand of public goods.The global dimension of Arctic governance determines that the public goods cannot be supplied only by Arctic countries or regional arrangements.As a near-Arctic state and Arctic stakeholder,China not only has the right but also needs to persist in providing public goods for Arctic governance.However,the knowledge and technology urgently needed by Arctic governance is far from enough.The rules of environmental and ecosystem protection should be strengthened,and the institutions for the rational use of Arctic resources and waterways need to be formulated.Therefore,China should vigorously enhance its capacity to supply the public goods,such as knowledge and technology,actively improve the mechanism of Arctic marine environment and ecosystem protection,and enthusiastically participate in the sustainable economic development of the Arctic region.Meanwhile,China should promote the rationalization of international rules for Arctic navigation.

关 键 词：北极治理 全球性公共问题 公共产品 北极利益攸关方 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]