欧美对全球气候治理体系的重塑——从“气候俱乐部”到“碳边境调节”  

Reshaping the Global Climate Governance System by Europe and the United States:From“Climate Club”to“Carbon Border Adjustment”

作　　者：关孔文 李倩慧 GUAN Kongwen;LI Qianhui

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学马克思主义学院,北京100191 [2]北京航空航天大学比荷卢研究中心,北京100191

出　　处：《国际展望》2023年第5期99-117,164,165,共21页Global Review

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“后疫情时代全球气候治理体系变革与中国气候外交对策研究”(21CGJ011)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“气候俱乐部”和“碳边境调节”是欧美发达国家为应对后疫情时代全球气候治理有效性不足而提出的解决方案。“气候俱乐部”通过对其成员给予排他性报偿和对非成员实施惩罚性措施得以运行,“碳边境调节”通过碳定价调节国内生产和国际进口产品的碳减排成本。两者在政策目标、类型、工具和政策扩散等方面存在一定共性和差异性特征,并对全球治理体系产生重要影响。它们不仅削弱了联合国框架下多边气候治理合作的有效性,引发气候领导力争端,加剧治理碎片化和复杂化趋势,也通过单边主义方式改变既有气候外交和全球治理的互动模式,形成国际贸易与全球气候治理的兼容性困境。中国既是“气候俱乐部”和“碳边境调节”的施压对象,也是相关国家不可缺少的合作者。中国坚持多边合作机制和“共同但有区别的责任原则”,抵制单边主义和贸易保护主义,倡导公平、公正的碳中和秩序,有效推动了全球气候治理体系的改革和完善;加快建立国内碳市场,推动产业结构优化升级。The concepts of the“Climate Club”and“Carbon Border Adjustment”have been proposed by developed nations in Europe and the United States as solutions to address the inadequacies in global climate governance in the post-pandemic era.The“Climate Club”operates by offering exclusive rewards to its members while imposing punitive measures on non-members,while“Carbon Border Adjustment”regulates the carbon emission costs of domestic production and internationally imported products through carbon pricing.These two approaches share certain commonalities and differences in terms of policy objectives,types,tools,and policy diffusion,and they have a significant impact on the global governance system.They have not only undermined the effectiveness of multilateral climate governance cooperation under the United Nations framework,leading to disputes over climate leadership,but also intensified the trend towards governance fragmentation and complexity.They have also altered the interaction patterns of international trade and global climate governance through unilateralism,posing challenges to the compatibility between the two.China,as both a target of pressure within the“Climate Club”and“Carbon Border Adjustment”initiatives and an essential collaborator,has consistently adhered to the principles of multilateral cooperation and the“common but differentiated responsibilities.”China opposes unilateralism and trade protectionism while advocating for a fair and just carbon-neutral order.This approach has effectively contributed to the reform and enhancement of the global climate governance system.Moreover,China has accelerated the establishment of its domestic carbon market,driving the optimization and upgrade of its industrial structure.

关 键 词：碳边境调节 气候俱乐部 碳关税 中国气候外交 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]