中国伊斯兰教宗教传承的现代性危机及其解决办法  

The Modern Crisis in the Religious Transmission of Chinese Islam and Its Solutions

作　　者：李林[1] LI Lin

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院,北京100732

出　　处：《青海民族研究》2023年第2期14-23,共10页Qinghai Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：中央社会主义学院统一战线高端智库课题“建立健全伊斯兰教中国化制度规范研究”(批准号:ZK20200257)后期成果。

摘　　要：中国伊斯兰教历史上著名的宗教传承危机发生在明嘉靖年间,这次危机表现为:以经学世家为代表的、旧的宗教传承方式与运作方式无法适应时代的需要,导致中国伊斯兰教陷入了“经文匮乏,学人寥落”的传承危机,因此称为“中国伊斯兰教传承的传统型危机”。当前,中国伊斯兰教的健康传承面临又一次危机。现代社会的分工与分化是造成这次危机的主要原因,故称之为“中国伊斯兰教传承的现代性危机”。解决现代性分化造成的危机,关键在于最大限度弥合国民教育与宗教教育的对立与分化。“分化与克服分化”,为解读20世纪以来中国伊斯兰教的历史提供了新视角。从20世纪上半叶中国穆斯林发起的各种新式教育运动,到20世纪下半叶出现体系化的中国伊斯兰教经学院教育,再到21世纪以来在个别高校尝试宗教研究生培养模式等等,都可视为弥合国民教育与宗教教育的种种尝试与努力,但上述各种方案皆未能彻底解决问题。这是因为,国民教育与宗教教育的“良好弥合”,需要现代社会发展到相当程度,通过多元融通与分化延迟才能最终解决。当国民教育与宗教教育从20世纪上半叶以来的相互分化、分流,开始走向良性对接,国民教育与宗教教育的割裂才能走向弥合,从根本上解决伴随现代性而来的宗教传承危机。这意味着,在剧烈变化的现代社会,无论是延续了数百年的传统经堂教育还是现代时期以后出现的经学院教育,都需要通过勇于变革来适应时代的变化与发展。The historic crisis of Chinese Islam occurred in Jiajing's reign of the Ming Dynasty,which can be called"the traditional crisis of Chinese Islam".Today,there is another crisis that can be called"the modern crisis of Chinese Islam".The social division and separation of modern society are the main causes of this crisis.To solve the crisis,it is necessary to resolve the differentiation and separation between the national education system and the religious education system."Separation and Overcoming Separation"provides a new perspective for interpreting the history of Chinese Islam since the 20th century.We can find that the educational reformation initiated by Chinese Muslims in the first half of the 20th century,the Chinese Islamic Institute system which was founded in the second half of the 20th century and the graduate and postgraduate education of“religious students”in some universities since the 21st century,all these can be regarded as efforts and attempts to build a bridge between the national education system and the religious education system.But only when modern society developed to a considerable extent,the"Proper Bridging"between national education and religious education be found by the way of integration and the postponement of differentiation.The typical character of modern society is turbulent changing.It means both the traditional mosque education system that has lasted for hundreds of years and the modern Islamic Institute that emerged after the modern period have to innovate to adapt to the developments and changes of society.

关 键 词：中国伊斯兰教 现代性危机 分化 经堂教育 经学院 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]