限定摹状词和数量词短语的规约意义——从语义/语用划界的视角看  

On Conventional Meanings of Definite Descriptions and Numerical Quantifier Phrases:from the Viewpoint of the Semantics/Pragmatics Demarcation

作　　者：荣立武[1,2] RONG Li-wu(School of Philosophy and Social Development,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China;Institute of Logic and Cognition,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学哲学与社会发展学院,山东济南250100 [2]中山大学逻辑与认知研究所,广东广州510275

出　　处：《湖南科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期38-47,共10页Journal of Hunan University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(21BZX101);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地(中山大学逻辑与认知研究所)项目(22JJD720021)。

摘　　要：格莱斯利用会话蕴含理论对限定摹状词及其所带的预设作出了分析,这种分析方法在句法和语义层面上都暗含着深刻的哲学动机。限定摹状词具有脱离语境的规约意义,但是它只有在具体语境中才有指称。与摹状词相关的谬误在于,它的规约意义不能决定它在具体使用中所带的预设。格莱斯引入会话双方的对话基础或共同立场来揭示预设的来源,并使用“[…]”标记预设的出现,同时给出了消除预设标记的句法改写规则。格莱斯最小限度地强化了罗素的分析模式,让限定摹状词(包含定冠词短语)的存在预设在罗素式的语义框架内得到表征。把这种分析模式推广到数量词短语的语义/语用分析中,可以为厘清数量词短语的规约意义提供思路,从而为语义/语用划界问题增加新的理论资源。Grice utilizes the theory of conversational implicature to elucidate the presupposition of the definite descriptions when we put them into use.He provides a comprehensive analysis at both semantic and pragmatic levels,demonstrating a profound philosophical insight.The conventional meaning of a definite description is context-independent,but it refers to something that is context-dependent.The fallacy associated with definite descriptions is that their conventional meaning does not indicate the presupposition they carry when used.Grice employs the conversational foundations or common grounds accepted by speaker and audience to uncover the source of the presuppositions and designates them with symbols like“[…]”,and proposes syntax rewriting rules to eliminate these presuppositions markers.Grice supports Russell's analytical method with minimal adjustments,which vindicates Russell's semantic framework's elucidation of the existential presupposition of definite descriptions(includes“the F”phrases).The analysis model is expanded to include pragmatic analysis of numerical quantifier phrases,in order to explicate the conventional meaning of quantifier phrases and thus furnish a fresh theoretical resource for semantic/pragmatic demarcation.

关 键 词：限定摹状词 数量词短语 预设 会话蕴含 规约意义 

分 类 号：B819[哲学宗教—逻辑学]