颧骨孔的应用解剖  

Applied anatomy of zygomatic foramen

作　　者：秦泗佳 王泽童 吴昊宸 李秋瑶 李润 申佳玉 许辛羽 刘昌奎 QIN Sijia;WANG Zetong;WU Haochen;LI Qiuyao;LI Run;SHEN Jiayu;XU Xinyu;LIU Changkui(Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology,Stomatological College of Xi'an Medical University,Xi'an 710075,China)

机构地区：[1]西安医学院口腔医学院口腔解剖生理学教研室,陕西西安710075 [2]西安医学院牙颌面组织再生与修复研究中心,陕西西安710075

出　　处：《口腔医学》2023年第8期686-689,共4页Stomatology

基　　金：陕西省科技创新团队(2022TD-54);西安医学院教育教学改革研究项目(2020JG-37);西安市未央区科技与信息工业局项目(202223)。

摘　　要：目的探究颧骨孔的解剖特点,丰富解剖学资料的同时为临床手术提供参考。方法选取65个(130侧)成人完整干燥颅骨,观察颧面孔、颧眶孔和颧颞孔的位置、形状、数量、分布和分型,用游标卡尺和圆规等测量三孔分别距眶外缘、眶下孔的最短距离及两个颧面孔、颧眶孔和颧颞孔之间的距离。结果颧面孔、颧眶孔和颧颞孔多为卵圆形,单侧可各有0~4个,分为Ⅰ~Ⅴ型,各孔分别有3侧(2.31%)、45侧(34.62%)、50侧(38.46%)、23侧(17.69%)、9侧(6.92%),3侧(2.31%)、51侧(39.23%)、50侧(38.46%)、19侧(14.62%)、7侧(5.38%),8侧(6.15%)、61侧(46.92%)、29侧(22.31%)、22侧(16.92%)、10侧(7.69%)。双侧数量相同的颧面孔、颧眶孔或颧颞孔分为A~D(1~4个)组,各孔分别有12个(18.46%)、13个(20.00%)、2个(3.08%)、2个(3.08%),16个(24.62%)、12个(18.46%)、3个(4.62%)、1个(1.54%),17个(26.15%)、3个(4.62%)、4个(6.15%)、1个(1.54%)。颧面孔、颧眶孔和颧颞孔距眶外缘、眶下孔的最短距离为(7.70±1.73)mm、(24.64±4.81)mm,(7.60±2.50)mm、(23.32±4.75)mm,(7.83±2.23)mm、(27.83±3.84)mm。一侧有两个颧面孔、颧眶孔或颧颞孔时,两颧面孔、颧眶孔和颧颞孔间距分别为(7.88±4.90)mm、(5.97±4.71)mm和(9.29±5.83)mm。左、右两侧的距离经统计分析P均>0.05,差异无统计学意义。结论颧骨孔的解剖有助于理解该区域神经、血管的走行及变异情况,能为临床手术提供参考。Objective To explore the anatomical characteristics of zygomatic foramen,enrich anatomical data and provide reference for clinical surgery.Methods Sixty-five intact and dry skulls(130 sides)of adults were selected to observe the position,shape,number,distribution and classification of zygomaticofacial foramen,zygomatico-orbital foramen and zygomaticotemporal foramen.Venier calipers and compasses were used to measure the shortest distance between the three foramen and lateral margin of orbit,the infraorbital foramen,and the distance between two zygomaticofacial foramen,zygomatico-orbital foramen and zygomaticotemporal foramen.Results The zygomaticofacial,zygomatico-orbital and zygomaticotemporal foramen were mostly oval,with O to 4 on each side,and can be divided into I-V types,with 3 sides(2.31%),45 sides(34.62%),50 sides(38.46%),23 sides(17.69%),9 sides(6.92%);3 sides(2.31%),51 sides(39.23%),50 sides(38.46%),19 sides(14.62%),7 sides(5.38%);8 sides(6.15%),61 sides(46.92%),29 sides(22.31%),22 sides(16.92%)and 10 sides(7.69%)for each hole.The same number of zygomaticofacial,zygomatico-orbital or zygomaticotemporal foramen on both sides were divided into A-D(1-4)groups,with 12((18.46%),13(20.00%),2(3.08%),2(3.08%);16(24.62%),12(18.46%),3(4.62%),1(1.54%);17(26.15%),3(4.62%),4(6.15%)and 1(1.54%)for each hole.The shortest distance from the zygomaticofacial,zygomatico-orbital and zygomaticotemporal foramen to the lateral margin of orbit and infraorbital foramen was(7.70+±1.73)mm,(24.64±4.81)mm;(7.60±2.50)mm,(23.32±4.75)mm;(7.83±2.23)mm,(27.83±3.84)mm.When there were two zygomaticofacial,zygomatico-orbital or zygomaticotemporal foramen on one side,the distance between the two zygomaticofacial,zygomatico-orbital and zygomaticotemporal foramen was(7.884.90)mm,(5.97±4.71)mm and(9.29±5.83)mm respectively.The distance between the left and right sides was statistically analyzed with P>0.05,and the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion The anatomy of zygomaticforamen is helpful to un-derstand the cours

关 键 词：颧面孔 颧眶孔 颧颞孔 解剖 

分 类 号：R323.1[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]