宅基地集体所有权行使主体运行模式的机制、困境与选择——基于制度改革情景下的社会生态系统框架  

The Mechanism,Predicament and Choice of Operation Mode for Entities Exercising Collective Ownership of Homestead Based on the Social Ecological System Framework under the Context of the System Reform

作　　者：曹玉栋 李哲敏 岳广兴 王玉庭[1] CAO Yudong;LI Zhemin;YUE Guangxing;WANG Yuting

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业信息研究所,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2023年第7期13-28,共16页Issues in Agricultural Economy

基　　金：中央农办农业农村部乡村振兴专家咨询委员会软科学研究项目“农村宅基地制度改革试点情况跟踪研究”(编号:RKX202025C)。

摘　　要：明晰宅基地集体所有权行使主体运行模式对落实宅基地所有权至关重要。本文基于宅基地制度改革试点地区江西省鹰潭市余江区的改革案例,借助社会生态系统框架,构建了一个具有操作性的分析框架来分析宅基地集体所有权行使主体的运行模式。本文发现,不同的宅基地集体所有权行使主体在宅基地制度改革中的运行模式和机制差异较大:农村集体经济组织主导模式将集体经济利益作为主要动员手段和方式;村民委员会主导模式将行政力量作为主要动员手段和方式;村民事务理事会主导模式将人情关系作为主要动员手段和方式。不同运行模式适用性差异较大,面临多种困境。最后,本文对未来宅基地集体所有权行使主体的选择和运行提出建议:第一,坚持以农村集体经济组织行使宅基地所有权为主,多种所有权行使主体并存;第二,进一步完善农村集体经济组织宅基地治理运行机制,明确村民事务理事会等村民自治组织在宅基地管理中的法律地位与职责;第三,注重提高宅基地制度改革中农民满意度和获得感,筑牢深化改革的根基。Clarifying the mode of operation of the entities exercising collective ownership of homestead is crucial to the implementation of homestead ownership.Based on the reform case of Yujiang,a pilot reform area,this paper constructs an operational analytical framework to analyse the operation mode of the entities exercising collective ownership of homesteads with the help of the social-ecological system framework.It is found that the operation modes and mechanisms of diferent entities exercising collective ownership of homestead in the reform of the homestead vary greatly,with the rural collective economic organization-led mode using collective economic interests as the main means and method of mobilization,while the villagers'committee-led mode using administrative power.And the villagers'affairs council-led mode using social relations as the main means and method of mobilization.The applicability of different operation models varies greatly and faces various dilemmas.In the end,this paper puts forward suggestions for the operation of the entities of collective ownership of homestead in the future:First,it is suggusted to adhere to the rural collective economic organization to exercise the ownership of homestead land,and the coexistence of muliple ownership exercise entities;Second,it is suggusted to further improve the operation mechanism of homestead land governance of rural collective economic organizations,and clarify the status and role of villagers'autonomous organizations such as villagers'affairs councils in the management of homesteads;Third,it is suggusted to pay attention to improving farmers'satisfaction and sense of gain in the reform of the homesteads,and lay a solid foundation for deepening the reform.

关 键 词：社会生态系统框架 宅基地集体所有权行使主体 农村集体经济组织 村民委员会 村民事务理事会 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]