美国生猪契约生产模式发展的内在逻辑、实践效果与启示  

The Internal Logic,Practical Effect and Enlightenment of the Development of Hog Contract Production in the United States

作　　者：白雪冰 胡浩[1] 张岳[2] BAI Xuebing;HU Hao;ZHANG Yue

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学经济管理学院,南京210095 [2]河北大学管理学院,保定071002

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2023年第7期101-115,共15页Issues in Agricultural Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“农村集体产权制度改革深化与经济发展研究”(编号:20ZDA045);国家社会科学基金重点项目“非洲猪瘟疫情冲击下生猪产业链优化与支持政策研究”(编号:19AGL020);国家社科基金青年项目“畜牧业生态化养殖的实现路径和政策保障研究”(编号:19CGL034)。

摘　　要：生猪生产组织化是推动传统的家庭分散养殖向规模化、集约化和专业化现代养殖经营转变的重要举措。本文对美国生猪契约生产模式的发展情况进行了梳理,剖析了其蓬勃发展的内在逻辑,探讨了其实践成效、所处的外部环境及对中国的启示。研究表明,双方追求潜在利润的内在动力及所依存的外部环境是生猪契约生产模式形成发展的重要因素。美国生猪契约生产模式发展促进生产专业化、规模化,进而稳定生猪生产波动的实践效果,以及美国契约农业制度环境、生猪市场环境和支持政策等外部环境条件的有机结合,验证了本文分析框架的适用性。本文据此得到如下启示,应引导不同规模养殖户采取适宜的经营方式,完善契约农业相关制度环境,推进地方生猪品种的资源保护和开发利用,加大对生猪龙头企业的支持力度,加快推进全产业链的建设,注重生猪产业政策的长期稳定性和短期灵活性,以及健全对农业龙头企业支持政策的监管和考核机制。The organization of pig production is an important measure to promote the transformation of traditional family decentralized breeding to large-scale,intensive and professional modern breeding management.This paper sorts out the development of the US hog contract production,analyzes the internal logic of its vigorous development,discusses its practical results,external environment,and its enlightenment to China.The research shows that the internal motivation of both parties to pursue potential profits and the external environment on which they depend are important factors for the formation and development of the pig contract production.The development of the US hog contract production model promotes production specialization and scale,thereby stabilizing the practical effect of hog production fluctuations,as well as the organic combination of the US contract farming system environment,hog market environment,support policies,and other external environmental conditions.Based on this,the following inspirations can be drawn,farmers of different scales should be guided to adopt appropriate management methods,improve institutional environment related to contract agriculture,promote resource protection,development and utilization of local pig breeds,strengthen support for leading pig enterprises,and accelerate the promotion of the entire industrial chain.The construction of pig industry should focus on the long-term stability and short-term flexibility of pig industry policy,as well as the improvement of supervision and assessment mechanism for the support policies of leading agricultural enterprises.

关 键 词：契约生产模式 潜在利润 实践效果 外部环境 

分 类 号：F316.3[经济管理—产业经济]