原子钟在精密测量领域的新应用  

New applications of atomic clocks for precision measurement

作　　者：贺凌翔 HE Ling-Xiang(Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430071,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院,武汉430071

出　　处：《物理》2023年第7期476-481,共6页Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金(批准号:U20A2075)资助项目,湖北省科技重大项目。

摘　　要：近年来,伴随着原子钟研制精度的不断提高,尤其是基于中性原子的光晶格钟,其稳定度已经推进到10-19量级,不确定度也已达到小系数10^(-18)量级,原子光钟在精密测量领域的应用也被推上了一个新高度。除了被广泛谈及的用于测量精细结构常数的变化、测量引力波以及寻找暗物质,高精度的原子光钟被认为是一个可用于大地测量以及爱因斯坦广义相对论验证的强有力的工具。文章主要从原子光晶格钟测量引力红移的角度出发,介绍原子光晶格钟在测地学方面的应用。最后,引入高精度原子光晶格钟用于系统熵的测量,这可能成为未来精密测量的一个新领域。In recent years the performance of atomic clocks has been improved to an unprecedented level.In particular,for lattice clocks based on neutral atoms,the instability has reached an order of magnitude around 10-19,and the uncertainly at the low 10^(-18) level,so their applications in precision measurement have been pushed to a new level.Apart from their use in measuring the variation of the fine structure constant,detecting gravitational waves,and hunting for dark matter,highly accurate optical clocks are also a powerful tool for geodesy and verification of general relativity.Here we give an introduction to the application of lattice clocks for geodesy from the viewpoint of gravitational redshift measurements.In the future,measurement of a system’s entropy with highly accurate lattice clocks could be a new research area for precision measurement.

关 键 词：原子光晶格钟 引力红移 相对论测地 局域位置不变性 熵 

分 类 号：TM935.115[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]