2021年中国常规接种单位现况及资源配置分析  

Current situation and resource allocation of routine vaccination units in China,2021

作　　者：叶家楷[1] 曹雷[1] 余文周[1] 尹遵栋[1] YE Jiakai;CAO Lei;YU Wenzhou;YIN Zundong(Department of National Immunization Program,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心免疫规划中心,北京100050

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2023年第7期789-794,共6页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：公共卫生应急反应机制运行(102393220020010000017)。

摘　　要：目的 分析中国2021年常规接种单位现况和资源配置,为卫生健康主管部门制定政策提供科学依据。方法 通过国家标准编码管理系统收集2021年中国常规接种单位信息,利用卫生资源集聚度(health resources agglomeration degree,HRAD)与人口聚集度(population agglomeration degree,PAD)的比值HRAD/PAD评价接种单位集聚情况。结果 中国2021年接种单位共有80 532个,相比2016年下降51.24%;其中,村级接种单位7 624个,相比2016年下降92.49%。开展日接种占比由26.66%升至69.03%。接种免疫规划疫苗、非免疫规划疫苗的接种单位分别有18 587个、10 291个,有51 654个既接种免疫规划疫苗,也接种非免疫规划疫苗。设在县级及以上综合医院、妇幼保健院、中医医院、疾病预防控制机构、基层医疗卫生机构的接种单位分别有11 123、2 983、1 731、706和63 989个。东、中、西部地区HRAD/PAD比值分别在0.49~1.64、0.81~1.66、0.47~2.61之间。与HRAD值相比,有21个省份HRAD/PAD比值更接近1。结论 近年来中国接种单位数量逐年减少,尤其是村级接种单位,但预防接种服务供给频次在逐年提升。接种单位大多设在基层医疗卫生机构,以儿童和成人接种为主。各省份按人口配置接种单位数可能优于按地理配置,建议综合考虑地理、人口、经济等多种因素。Objective To analyze the current status and health resources allocation of routine vaccination units in China in 2021,and to provide a scientific basis for health authorities to formulate policies.Methods We collected the information about routine vaccination units in China in 2021 through the National Standard Coding Management System.The health resources agglomeration degree(HRAD)/population agglomeration degree(PAD)ratio(HARD/PAD)was used to evaluate the agglomeration degree of vaccination units.Results A total of 80,532 routine vaccination units were reported in China in 2021,showing a reduction of 51.24%compared with those in 2016.There were 7,624 village-level units,showing a reduction of 92.49%compared with those in 2016.The proportion of daily vaccination increased from 26.66%to 69.03%.There were 18,587 units providing inoculation with vaccines included in the National Immunization Program,10,291 units providing inoculation with vaccines not included in the National Immunization Program,and 51,654 units simultaneously providing inoculation with vaccines included and not included in the National Immunization Program.The numbers of vaccination units in general hospitals,maternal and child health care hospitals,traditional Chinese medicine hospitals,disease control and prevention institutions,primary medical and health institutions at county-level and above were 11,123,2,983,1,731,706 and 63,989 respectively.The HARD/PAD ratios in eastern,central and western regions were 0.49-1.64,0.81-1.66 and 0.47-2.61 respectively.Compared with HRAD,the HARD/PAD ratios of 21 provinces were closer to 1.Conclusion The number of routine vaccination units in China has been decreasing in recent years,especially village-level vaccination units,but the frequency of vaccination service supply has been improving.Most vaccination units are located in primary medical and health institutions,and are mainly for children’s and adults’vaccination.The allocation of vaccination units in each province based on the population may be bet

关 键 词：接种单位 预防接种 集聚度 卫生资源配置 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]