基于冲击耗能指数定量评价岩石硬度试验研究  

Experimental investigation on quantitative evaluation of rock hardness based onimpact energy dissipation index

作　　者：曹瑞琅[1] 王玉杰[1] 邢泊 赵宇飞[1] 沈强 CAO Rui-lang;WANG Yu-jie;XING Bo;ZHAO Yu-fei;SHEN Qiang(China State key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Special Equipment Research Institute,China Railway Engineering Equipment Group Co.,Ltd.,Xinxiang,Henan 453000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100048 [2]中铁工程装备集团有限公司特种装备事业部,河南新乡453000

出　　处：《岩土力学》2023年第9期2619-2627,共9页Rock and Soil Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.52079150)。

摘　　要：岩石硬度是反映岩层软硬、可钻性和爆破难易程度的重要指标,解译冲击钻进钻具响应信息可为原位、快速、定量评价岩石硬度提供新思路。采用高精度数字型位移、液压和转速传感器监测冲击钻机的关键传动部位,搭建了冲击钻机数字钻进过程监测系统。平行开展岩石硬度测定和冲击钻进正交试验,建立了各类岩石的钻进响应信息标准数据库,深入剖析推进压、冲击压、旋转速度与冲击耗能之间函数关系,并提出利用冲击耗能指数定量评价岩石硬度的方法。研究发现,推进压和冲击耗能呈负相关的线性关系;冲击压和钻进耗能拟合曲线为开口向上抛物线,各种岩石对应曲率半径不尽相同,但对称轴基本一致;钎杆转速对钻进耗能的影响可忽略。通过对单位体积钻进耗能进行无量纲化处理,滤除了冲击钻进机械参数的影响,定义了可用于表征岩石硬度的新指标:冲击耗能指数η,其离散性小且与岩石硬度具有良好的相关性。利用数字传感技术获取和解译常规钻孔的钻进过程响应信息,可在不额外增加勘测或试验工作量情况下测定岩石硬度,为工程现场直接评价岩体参数提出了新途径。Rock hardness is an important indicator reflecting the relative hardness,drillability,and blastability of rock formation.Accurate interpretation of the response of percussion drilling tools can provide new possibilities for in-situ,rapid,and quantitative evaluation of rock hardness.High-precision digital displacement,hydraulic pressure,and rotational speed sensors were used to monitor the key transmission parts of the percussion drill,and a digital monitoring system for the drilling process was then established.Rock hardness measurement and orthogonal tests of percussion drilling were parallelly carried out,and a standard database containing response data of the drill when drilling various types of rocks was established.Functional relationships between propelling pressure,percussion pressure,rotational speed,and impact energy dissipation were developed,and a novel method to quantitatively evaluate rock hardness based on impact energy dissipation index was proposed.The performed tests and analyses revealed that there is an inverse linear relationship between the propelling pressure and impact energy dissipation.The fitting curve of percussion pressure and drilling energy dissipation is an open upward parabola,and the curves for various rocks have the same symmetry axis but different curvature radii.The influence of rotational speed of drill rod on drilling energy dissipation is negligible.By dimensionless treatment of drilling energy dissipation per unit volume,the influence of mechanical parameters of percussion drilling is removed,and the impact energy dissipation indexη,which has low discreteness and a good correlation with rock hardness,was defined to characterize the rock hardness.The response data of the drilling process in conventional boreholes were obtained and interpreted by the digital sensing technology,and the obtained data were used to determine the rock hardness without additional survey or test,which puts forward a new way for direct evaluation of rock mass parameters on engineering sites.

关 键 词：岩石硬度 冲击钻机 冲击耗能指数 推进压 冲击压 钎杆转速 

分 类 号：TU452[建筑科学—岩土工程]