微细粒矿物浮选捕收剂的应用及其机理研究进展  

Advancements in the application and mechanism of fine-grained mineral flotation collectors

作　　者：常自勇 李玉娇 沈政昌 邹来昌[2] 王乾坤 孙忠梅[2] 王化军[1] CHANG Ziyong;LI Yujiao;SHEN Zhengchang;ZOU Laichang;WANG Qiankun;SUN Zhongmei;WANG Huajun(School of Civil and Resource Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Low-Grade Refractory Gold Ores,Zijin Mining Group Co.,Ltd.,Xiamen 364200,China;State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing Science and Technology,BGRIMM,Beijing 100160,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京100083 [2]紫金矿业集团股份有限公司低品位难处理黄金资源综合利用国家重点实验室,厦门364200 [3]矿冶科技集团有限公司矿物加工科学与技术国家重点实验室,北京100160

出　　处：《工程科学学报》2023年第11期1807-1819,共13页Chinese Journal of Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52004020);矿物加工科学与技术国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(BGRIMM-KJSKL-2021-13);中央高校基本科研业务费人才专项资助项目(00007733);国家外国专家资助项目(G2022105001L)。

摘　　要：详细阐述了常用微细粒矿物浮选捕收剂的分类以及组合捕收剂的应用,对单一捕收剂和组合捕收剂在矿物表面的作用机理进行了系统的归纳总结.微细粒矿物浮选捕收剂可大致分为硫化矿捕收剂和氧化矿捕收剂,依据其主要成分可进一步分为阳离子型捕收剂、阴离子型捕收剂、非离子型捕收剂、生物捕收剂和纳米粒子捕收剂,作用机理主要包括静电相互作用、螯合作用、氢键作用、化学键合以及金属离子配位调控分子组装等.组合捕收剂对微细粒矿物的浮选效果往往优于单一捕收剂,不同捕收剂间的协同作用主要包括共吸附、电荷补偿、功能互补以及改变临界胶束浓度等.未来应加强基于计算化学和人工智能的新型捕收剂药剂分子结构设计、纳米粒子捕收剂的研发以及新型绿色环保捕收剂的开发与利用.The poor floatability of fine-and ultrafine-grained minerals,including sulfide and oxide minerals,is a huge issue confronting the mineral industry.Collectors are critical to the flotation of fine-grained minerals;therefore,developing high efficiency collectors has always been a hot research topic for industries and academia.This work has systematically reviewed the advancements in the development of collectors for fine mineral flotation in the last decades as well as provides an outlook for prospective studies.Collectors can be divided into sulfide and oxide mineral collectors,which can be further divided into ionic collectors,nonionic collectors,nonpolar oily collectors,nanocollectors,and biologic collectors based on their chemical composition.For sulfide minerals,ionic collectors mainly include xanthate,phosphate,and diethyldithiocarbamate,which are soluble in water and are able to dissociate sulfur-containing anions to interact with sulfide minerals.Some oily collectors and nanocollectors can also be used for the flotation of ultrafine sulfide minerals.For oxide minerals,the commonly used anionic collectors are hydroxamate,phosphate,arsenate,and fatty acid,while cationic collectors mainly comprise amine collectors.Nonionic and biologic collectors are used in oxide mineral flotation.Mechanisms underpinning the adsorption of collectors on the mineral surface include electrostatic interactions,chelation interactions,hydrogen bonding,chemical bonding,and metal-ion coordination.In addition,composite collectors,such as anionic/anionic collectors,anionic/cationic collectors,cationic/cationic collectors,and ionic/nonionic collectors,exhibit high collection capability for fine-grained minerals compared to single collectors.This is because they can promote collector adsorption on mineral surfaces through a series of synergistic interactions,such as co-adsorption,charge compensation,function complementarity,and variations in the critical micelle concentration.The rapid development of computational chemistry and artificia

关 键 词：浮选捕收剂 微细粒 组合捕收剂 纳米捕收剂 作用机理 

分 类 号：TD91[矿业工程—选矿]