密闭空间防卫案件的证明责任分配规则研究  

Researchon the Distribution Rules of Burden of Proof in Self-Defense Cases of Confined Space

作　　者：王雯萱 Wang Wenxuan

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院

出　　处：《交大法学》2023年第5期132-146,共15页SJTU Law Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“‘类似行为证据’的刑事证明功能研究”(项目编号:21AFX015)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：密闭空间防卫案件指案发时没有第三人在场、无监控视频且被害人死亡的典型疑难防卫案件。因密闭空间防卫与故意杀人等暴力犯罪现场具有外观相似性,直接证据仅有被告人口供,故密闭空间防卫事实往往处于真伪不明状态。法官裁判概括适用“存疑有利于被告”原则无法满足公正分配证明责任的价值追求,亦不能实现发现案件真实的诉讼目的。以“危险领域说”为参照,密闭空间防卫案件分配证明责任应以被告人更具证明可能性与防止滥用防卫权为依据,由被告人以叙事方式积极证明正当防卫并承担败诉风险,检察官履行客观义务的同时承担动摇心证的行为责任。法官证明评价需重点审查叙事融贯性,兼顾证据充分性要求,在满足要件事实均有充分证据证明的基础上,积极运用或然性推理排除合理怀疑。Self defense cases of confined space refer to a particular type of self defense cases where the crime scene has no third party,no surveillance video and the victim is dead.With the defendant's confession being the sole direct evidence,and the crime scene appearance being similar to that of a violent crime such as intentional homicide,the fact in self defense cases of confined space is often on unclear status.However,in this situation,the general application of the principle of‘presumption of innocence'cannot meet the needs of the fairness and rationality of the ditribution of the burden of proof,nor is it conducive to the discovery of the truth of the case.Based on'Gefalrenkreistheorie',a huge advantage of the possibility proof of defendant and the prevention of the abuse of the defense right should be taken as two substantive distribution bases for the distribution of the burden of proof in self defense cases of confined space.In this way,the defendant should take narration as the main form of proof to actively prove the fact of self-defense and bear the risk of losing a lawsuit.Meanwhile,the prosecution should perform objective obligation and behavior responsibilities which can produce an effect on mowing temporary evaluation of the judge.Besides,the judge's evaluation of proof should take the coherence of narrative as the main point of examination and consider the requirements of the sufficiency of evidence as well.It means that the judge should actively use probabilistic rea soning to eliminate reasonable doubts fully on the basis of meeting the requirements that all ultimate facts are proved by sufficient evidence.

关 键 词：密闭空间 正当防卫 证明责任 证明可能性 滥用防卫权 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]