中国省域城乡要素流动测度方法与时空特征  

Measurement methods and spatio-temporal characteristics of urban-rural factor flow in China

作　　者：张溢堃 王永生[1] ZHANG Yikun;WANG Yongsheng(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049

出　　处：《地理学报》2023年第8期1888-1903,共16页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41931293)。

摘　　要：城乡要素的合理流动有利于优化城乡关系,促进乡村振兴与城乡融合发展。基于社会再生产理论,界定了城乡要素内涵及其流动类型,提出了城乡要素流动的测度方法,定量分析了中国省域城乡要素流动的空间格局与演进特征。结果表明:(1)城乡要素流动是指影响城市与乡村发展的要素变化,可划分为内流动、互流动、区际流动3种类型;(2)中国省域城乡人口、土地、资本、公共资源、农产品及非农消费品要素互流动存在显著的空间差异,流动强度逐渐增加;(3)中国省域城乡人口、资本、技术、农产品要素的区际流动呈现明显的空间差异,流动强度增加趋势不明显;(4)自然资源禀赋和人为干预调控通过调节社会再生产的规模和结构,综合影响城乡要素流动的强度和结构。应充分考虑区域要素禀赋差异,针对不同尺度的要素流动特征,选择合理的人为干预手段,优化配置社会再生产过程各环节要素,实现城乡要素的自由双向流动。The rational flow of urban-rural factors is conducive to optimize the urban-rural relationship and promote rural revitalization and urban-rural integrated development.Based on the theory of social reproduction,this study defined the connotation and flow types of urbanrural factors,proposed the measurement method of urban-rural factor flow,and quantitatively analyzed the spatial pattern and evolution characteristics of urban-rural factor flow in China.The results showed that urban-rural factor flow referring to the changes of factors affecting urban and rural development can be divided into three types of internal flow,mutual flow,and inter-regional flow.Significant spatial differences and a gradual increase of flow intensity existed in the mutual flow of population,capital,technology,and agricultural products between urban and rural China,while great spatial differences were found in the inter-regional flow of population,capital,technology,and agricultural products without conspicuously increased flow intensity.The intensity and structure of urban-rural factor flow were comprehensively affected by adjusting the scale and structure of social reproduction under the regulation of natural resource endowment and human regulation.The free two-way flow between urban and rural areas can be realized from the aspects of selecting reasonable human intervention means and optimizing the allocation of factors in the social reproduction process,according to regional factor endowment differences and factor flow characteristics at different scales.

关 键 词：城乡要素流动 测度方法 时空特征 城乡融合 乡村振兴 中国 

分 类 号：F299.2[经济管理—国民经济] F323