现代化视域下马来西亚“东向政策”的拓展深化及影响  

The Expansion and Deepening of Malaysia's“Look East Policy”and Its Implications in the Context of Modernisation

作　　者：郑勋 郭秋梅[2,3] ZHENG Xun;GUO Qiumei(Institute of History and Political Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,China;Institute of Marxism,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学历史与政治学院 [2]贵州师范大学马克思主义学院 [3]贵州师范大学贵州省“马克思主义中国化‘两个结合’的地方实践推动”高端智库

出　　处：《东南亚研究》2023年第3期69-91,155,156,共25页Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：教育部高校人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“百年未有之大变局下华侨华人与中国的对外关系”(22JJD810016)。

摘　　要：“东向政策”是马来西亚1982年开始实施的对外政策,其主旨是同日韩扩大经济贸易关系,争取两国投资并学习其先进技术、管理经验以及职业精神,服务于马来西亚工业现代化的发展要求。“东向政策”有助于马来西亚突破后发国家实现现代化面临的资金不足、技术落后以及管理方式陈旧等难题。历经40余年,“东向政策”在目标、内容、手段与对象上得以拓展和深化。为了平衡主要国家在马来西亚的战略博弈,“东向政策”的战略意图从最初“以亲近日韩来弥补与西方国家的疏远关系”转向“加强与中国的交往来平衡主要国家对马来西亚发展的影响”。同时,将政策对象拓展至中国以使马来西亚搭上中国发展的快车,推动其经济社会进一步向前发展。尽管学界对“东向政策”的实施效果提出了质疑,但总体来看,该政策有力推动了马来西亚从传统农业国转向新兴工业国,加快了其工业现代化进程。“Look East Policy”is a foreign policy implemented by Malaysia since 1982.Its main purpose is to expand economic and trade relations with Japan and South Korea,win investment from Japan and South Korea,learn advanced technology and management experience and professional spirit,serve the requirements of Malaysia's modernization development.After more than 40 years of diplomatic practice,the policy has been expanded and deepened in terms of objectives,contents,means and objects.Malaysia has promoted the implementation and expansion of the“Look East Policy”steadily.On the one hand,it is to balance the“game”of major countries in Malaysia.The strategic intention of the policy has changed from making up for the estrangement from Western countries by getting closer to Japan and South Korea to strengthening exchanges with China to balance the influence of major countries on Malaysia's development.On the other hand,it is to promote the development of Malaysia's modernization with the help of external forces.The latecomer countries are faced with insufficient funds,backward technology and outdated management concepts to realize modernization,and the implementation of the“Look East Policy”can help Malaysia break through the above difficulties.At the same time,expanding the policy target to China can enable Malaysia to catch the express train of China's development and promote Malaysia's economic and social development to a further level.Although the academic community has questioned the effect of this policy,on the whole,the implementation of the“Look East Policy”has strongly promoted Malaysia's transformation from a traditional agricultural country to an emerging industrial country,and promoted the process of industrial modernization in Malaysia.

关 键 词：马来西亚 东向政策 大国平衡 东亚合作 可持续发展 现代化 

分 类 号：D833.80[政治法律—政治学]