微生物青贮羊粪和堇叶碎米荠制作富硒饲料在山羊生产中的应用研究  

Study on microbial silage of sheep manure and Cardamine violifolia for Se-enriched feed in goat production

作　　者：李蓉 谢骏辉 唐霄 陈潇飞 谭德俊 马进 王国贵 朱云芬 LI Rong;XIE Jun-hui;TANG Xiao;CHEN Xiao-fei;TAN De-jun;MA Jin;WANG Guo-gui;ZHU Yun-fen

机构地区：[1]恩施土家族苗族自治州农业科学院,湖北恩施445002 [2]湖北省富硒产业技术研究院,湖北恩施445002

出　　处：《饲料研究》2023年第15期11-16,共6页Feed Research

基　　金：武汉市对口帮扶恩施州项目(项目编号:22003);恩施州科技计划项目(项目编号:D20220035)。

摘　　要：试验探究了微生物青贮羊粪生产富硒饲料在山羊生产中的应用效果,旨在解决集约化、规模化畜禽养殖生产中的废弃物污染问题。试验采用10%、15%、20%、25%、30%的羊粪混合不同比例的黑麦草、粉碎玉米及富硒碎米荠残渣,并添加发酵菌剂进行厌氧青贮,检测富硒羊粪青贮饲料的感官评定、营养成分、安全性评价指标、含硒量,并分析富硒羊粪青贮饲料对山羊生长性能的影响。结果显示,羊粪和黑麦草混合青贮后,粪臭味、氨味完全消失,由之前的黏性、颗粒状变为质地松软、不成团且带有面包香味的发酵饲料,各试验组发酵饲料的感官评定等级均为二级及以上。所有试验组发酵饲料的黄曲霉毒素B_(1)(AFB_(1))均小于10μg/kg,符合《饲料卫生标准》(GB 13078—2017)。试验组Ⅳ发酵饲料的干物质、粗蛋白含量最高,酸性洗涤纤维及中性洗涤纤维最低。20%的富硒饲料可以显著提高山羊的试验末重、平均日增重,显著降低料重比(P<0.05)。研究表明,羊粪、黑麦草、玉米、富硒碎米荠残渣发酵的适宜比例为25∶65∶5∶5,其可以提高山羊的生长性能。The study was to the effect of microbial silage sheep manure on producing rich selenium feed in goat production,to solve the problem of waste pollution in intensive and large-scale livestock and poultry production.The experiment used 10%,15%,20%,25%,30%sheep manure,mixed different proportions of ryegrass,crushed corn,Se-enriched Cardamine violifolia residue,and microbial fermentation inoculants for anaerobic silage fermentation.Through the detection of sensory evaluation,nutritional composition,safety evaluation indexes,selenium content of materials after fermentationand the effect on growth performance of goat.The results showed that after the silage of sheep manure and ryegrass,the odor of manure and ammonia completely disappeared,and the odor of manure changed from sticky and grainy before to soft,unclumpy fermented feed with bread flavor.The sensory rating of experimental groups was grade 2 or above.AFB_(1) in all experimental groups was less than 10μg/kg,which was in line with the Feed Hygiene Standard(GB 13078—2017).The content of dry matter and crude protein were the highest in groupⅣ,and the content of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were the lowest.The final weight and average daily gain of goats were significantly increased,and feed to gain ratio was significantly decreased by 20%Se-enriched diet(P<0.05).The experiment indicates that the suitable ratio of sheep manure,ryegrass,corn and Se-enriched Cardamine violifolia residue for fermentation is 25∶65∶5∶5,which can improve the growth performance of goats.

关 键 词：山羊 羊粪 青贮 富硒碎米荠 富硒饲料 

分 类 号：S827[农业科学—畜牧学]