河套灌区玉米不同种植密度对田间耗水及产值的影响  

Effects of different planting densities of maize on field water consumption and output value in Hetao irrigation area

作　　者：白杜娟 邹超煜 白岗栓[3] 池利刚 张俊 边利军 BAI Dujuan;Zou Chaoyu;BAI Gangshuan;Chi Ligang;Zhang Jun;Bian Lijun(Yangling Agricultural High-Tech Development Joint Stock Co.Ltd.,Yangling 712100,China;Ji'an Wetland Protection Center,Ji'an 343000,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest Agriculture&Forestry University,Yangling 712100,China;Ulan Buhe Sub-Center of Inner Mongolia Hetao Irrigation District Water Conservancy Development Center,Dengkou 015200,China)

机构地区：[1]杨凌农业高科技发展股份有限公司,陕西杨凌712100 [2]吉安市湿地保护中心,江西吉安343000 [3]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [4]内蒙古河套灌区水利发展中心乌兰布和分中心,内蒙古磴口015200

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2023年第8期52-64,共13页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0501602)。

摘　　要：为探究充分利用河套灌区水资源和提高玉米产值的有效途径,在河套灌区以‘陕单609’玉米为试验材料,以当地常规种植密度6.0×10^(4)株/hm^(2)为对照(CK),监测种植密度提高至7.5×10^(4)(D_(1))、9.0×10^(4)(D_(2))和10.5×10^(4)(D_(3))株/hm^(2)对土壤水分、灌水量、田间耗水量、玉米产量及产值等的影响。结果表明:玉米生长期的土壤水分随种植密度的提高而降低,D_(1)、D_(2)和D_(3)的灌水量较常规种植密度分别增加3.81%、9.72%和13.90%,田间耗水量分别增加5.23%、10.71%和15.42%;秸秆生物量分别增加21.97%、41.34%和39.40%,籽粒产量分别增加12.54%、18.47%和-0.86%;水分生产率分别提高6.93%、7.01%和-14.11%,水分利用效率分别提高11.00%、16.39%和1.74%;生产成本分别增加2.17%、4.35%和6.52%,总产值分别提高13.27%、20.47%和2.67%,净产值分别提高21.46%、32.12%和-0.12%。综上,河套灌区‘陕单609’种植密度提高至9.0×10^(4)株/hm^(2)时,可充分利用水资源,提高玉米产量,获取较大的经济效益。In order to explore an effective way to make full use of water resources and increase the output value of maize,maize variety‘Shaandan 609'was used as the test material in Hetao irrigation area,and the local conventional planting density 6.0×10^(4)plants/hm^(2)was used as the control(CK).The effects of increasing planting density to 7.5×10^(4)(D_(1)),9.0×10^(4)(D_(2))and 10.5×10^(4)(D_(3))plants/hm^(2)on soil moisture,irrigation amount,field water consumption,maize yields and output values were investigated.The results showed that:The soil moisture decreased with the increase of planting density.Compared with conventional planting density,irrigated water increased by 3.81%(D1),9.72%(D2)and 13.90%(D_(3)),and field water consumption increased by 5.23%(D_(1)),10.71%(D_(2))and 15.42%(D_(3)),respectively.The biomass of maize straw increased by 21.97%(D_(1)),41.34%(D_(2))and 39.40%(D_(3)),and the grain yields increased by 12.54%(D_(1)),18.47%(D_(2))and-0.86%(D_(3)),respectively.The water productivity rate increased by 6.93%(D_(1)),7.01%(D_(2))and-14.11%(D_(3)),and water use efficiency increased by 11.00%(D_(1)),16.39%(D_(2))and 1.74%(D_(3)),respectively.The production cost increased by 2.17%(D_(1)),4.35%(D_(2))and 6.52%(D_(3)),the total output value increased by 13.27%(D_(1)),20.47%(D_(2))and 2.67%(D_(3)),and the net output value increased by 21.46%(D_(1)),32.12%(D_(2))and-0.12%(D_(3)),respectively.To sum up,when the planting density of‘Shaandan 609'in Hetao irrigation area increased to 9.0×10^(4)plants/hm^(2),water resources could be fully utilized,maize yields could be increased,and greater economic benefits could be obtained.

关 键 词：玉米 种植密度 土壤水分 灌水量 田间耗水量 产量及产值 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S352.3