有机肥替代氮肥对马铃薯氮素吸收利用及土壤氮素供应的影响  

The Effect of Organic Fertilizer Replacing Fertilizer Nitrogen on Potato Nitrogen Absorption and Soil Nitrogen Supply

作　　者：李超 赵国鼎 李利[1] 张少华 樊明寿[1] 石晓华[1] LI Chao;ZHAO Guoding;LI Li;ZHANG Shaohua;FAN Mingshou;SHI Xiaohua(College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia010019,China;Qahar Youyi Middle Banner Agricultural and Animal Husbandry,Science and Technology Bureau,Kebuer,Inner Mongolia 013550,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]察哈尔右翼中旗农牧和科技局,内蒙古乌兰察布市察右中旗013550

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2023年第S01期116-122,共7页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目(NJZY22482);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2021ZD0043)。

摘　　要：探究有机肥替代化肥氮及不同配施比例对马铃薯氮素吸收及土壤氮素供应的影响,为保证马铃薯产量和减少土壤氮素损失提供科学指导。设置5个处理,分别为不施氮肥(CK)、100%氮肥施入(T0)、30%有机肥替代氮肥(T1)、60%有机肥替代氮肥(T2)、100%有机肥替代氮肥(T3)。通过大田试验,比较各处理马铃薯干物质量、氮素吸收利用、土壤矿质氮含量、土壤氮素平衡等方面的差异。结果表明:与100%化肥氮施入相比,60%有机肥替代化肥氮2年平均产量提高了10.31%,氮素累积量提高了8.14%,氮肥偏生产力提高了9.85%,氮肥利用效率提高8.07%,提高了土壤矿质氮含量,减少氮素表观损失量和氮素盈余量。从马铃薯的干物质质量、氮素吸收利用、土壤矿质氮含量、土壤氮素平衡等方面考虑,在60%有机肥替代氮肥时提高了产量、氮素吸收利用,同时减少了氮素表观损失量和氮素盈余量。To explore the effects of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer nitrogen and different application ratios on potato nitrogen absorption and soil nitrogen supply,in order to provide scientific guidance for ensuring potato yield and reducing soil nitrogen loss.This paper set up five processes,including no nitrogen application(CK),100% fertilizer nitrogen application(T0),30%organic fertilizer instead of fertilizer nitrogen(T1),60% organic fertilizer instead of fertilizer nitrogen(T2),and 100% organic fertilizer instead of fertilizer nitrogen(T3).Through field experiments,the differences in potato dry matter quality,nitrogen absorption and utilization,soil mineral nitrogen content,and soil nitrogen balance among different treatments were compared.Compared with the application of 100% chemical fertilizer nitrogen,the replacement of 60% organic fertilizer nitrogen increased yield by an average of 10.31%,nitrogen accumulation increased by 8.14%,nitrogen partial productivity increased by 9.85%,nitrogen utilization efficiency increased by 8.07%,soil mineral nitrogen content increased,and nitrogen apparent loss and surplus decreased over the past two years.Considering the dry matter quality,nitrogen absorption and utilization,soil mineral nitrogen content,and soil nitrogen balance of potatoes,when 60% organic fertilizer replaces chemical fertilizer nitrogen,it improves yield,nitrogen absorption and utilization,while reducing nitrogen apparent loss and nitrogen surplus.

关 键 词：有机肥替代氮肥 氮素供应 氮素利用 

分 类 号：S682.2[农业科学—观赏园艺]