旅游生态系统“空间均衡”演化的理论探讨与动态评价研究——以贵州4个世界自然遗产地为例  

Theoretical discussion and dynamic evaluation of the “spatial equilibrium” evolution of tourism ecosystem:A case study of four world natural heritage sites in Guizhou

作　　者：杨春宇[1,3] 洪焕州 尤碧莹 陈子远 Yang Chunyu;Hong Huanzhou;You Biying;Chen Ziyuan(Guizhou Institute of Tourism Economy and Management,Guizhou University of Finance and Economics,Guiyang 550025,China;School of Business Administration,Guizhou University of Finance and Economics,Guiyang 550025,China;Guizhou Green Development Strategy Research Institute,Guizhou University of Finance and Economics,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州财经大学贵州旅游经济与管理研究院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州财经大学工商管理学院,贵阳550025 [3]贵州财经大学贵州绿色发展战略高端智库,贵阳550025

出　　处：《中国生态旅游》2023年第3期359-379,共21页Journal of Chinese Ecotourism

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42161035,41961025)。

摘　　要：科学测度与审视旅游生态系统“空间均衡”演化对促进世界自然遗产地旅游经济和生态环境协调可持续发展具有重要的理论和实践价值。本研究基于系统科学与公理性思维范式,尝试厘定了旅游生态系统“空间均衡”演化内涵、性征及公理化定义,并以贵州4个世界自然遗产地为研究样本,采用系统动力学(SD)模型、压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型、熵权法以及地理探测器等方法对其旅游生态系统“空间均衡”演化及影响因素进行探析。研究发现:(1)旅游生态系统“空间均衡”演化是指区域旅游生态系统在受到局部、可承受范围内的扰动时,通过自身正负反馈作用于整体,并通过系统调控机制进行调节与补偿,最终旅游发展与区域自然、文化和人类生存环境形成良性互动的理想状态;(2)旅游生态系统“空间均衡”的基本性征是相对性与动态性,短期“振荡”与长期“周期”;(3)通过改进的旅游生态系统“空间均衡”演化的公理化定义N=Te,可以判断出旅游生态系统“空间均衡”的3种演化状态,包括均衡状态、超载状态及滞后状态;(4)2000—2020年,4个案例地旅游生态系统“空间均衡”演化发展呈现不同时空演化特征、地域差异与规律;(5)旅游压力水平、旅游经济水平、旅游环境状态和旅游政策调控是旅游生态系统“空间均衡”演化的共同影响因素。其中,旅游经济水平在各案例地、各年份中均是首要因素,旅游压力水平以及旅游环境状态的影响力随时间推移有所减小,旅游政策调控的影响力在逐渐增大。Scientific measurement and examination of the“spatial equilibrium”evolution of tourism ecosystem has important theoretical and practical value for promoting the coordinated and sustainable development of tourism economy and ecological environment in world natural heritage sites.Based on the paradigm of system science and axiomatic thinking,this study attempts to construct the connotation,characteristics and axiomatic definition of“spatial equilibrium”evolution of tourism ecosystem.Taking four world natural heritage sites in Guizhou as research samples,the evolution and influencing factors of“spatial equilibrium”of tourism ecosystem were analyzed by using system dynamics(SD) model,pressure-stateresponse(PSR) model,entropy weight method and geographical detector.The study found that:(1) The evolution of " spatial equilibrium " of tourism ecosystem refers to the ideal state in which the regional tourism ecosystem acts on the whole through its own positive and negative feedback when it is disturbed by local and affordable disturbances,and regulates and compensates through the system regulation mechanism,and finally forms a benign interaction between tourism development and regional nature,culture and human living environment.(2)The basic characteristics of“spatial equilibrium”of tourism ecosystem are relativity and dynamics,short-term“oscillation”and long-term“cycle”.(3) Through the improved axiomatic definition of tourism ecosystem“spatial equilibrium”evolution,three evolutionary states of tourism ecosystem“spatial equilibrium”can be deduced,including equilibrium state,overload state and lag state.(4) From 2000 to 2020,the evolution and development of“spatial equilibrium”of tourism ecosystem in the four case areas showed different spatial and temporal evolution characteristics,regional differences and patterns.(5) The level of tourism pressure,the level of tourism economy,the state of tourism environment and the regulation of tourism policy are the common influencing factors of th

关 键 词：世界自然遗产地 旅游生态系统 “空间均衡”演化 动态评价 影响因素 系统动力学 

分 类 号：F592.7[经济管理—旅游管理]