碳微球/硼酸镁晶须混杂增强碳泡沫复合材料的性能研究  

Properties of Carbon Microsphere/Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(5)w Hybrid Reinforced Carbon Foam Composites

作　　者：王斌[1,2] 王恒 曹越[1,2] 苏秉尧 侯林伟 赵建伟 WANG Bin;WANG Heng;CAO Yue;SU Bingyao;HOU Linwei;ZHAO Jianwei(Xi’an Polytechnic University,Xi’an 710048,China;Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Sensing Fiber and Irregular Shape Weaving Technology,China National Textile and Apparel Council,Xi’an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]西安工程大学,西安710048 [2]中国纺织工业联合会功能感知纤维及异型织造技术重点实验室,西安710048

出　　处：《航空制造技术》2023年第15期118-124,共7页Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology

基　　金：陕西省留学人员科技活动择优资助项目(2021014);陕西省教育厅重点科学研究计划协同创新中心项目(20JY027);陕西省科技厅重点研发计划项目(2020NY–154)。

摘　　要：碳泡沫存在力学性能较差等问题,为改善其综合性能,以航空领域的应用需求为导向,以改性酚醛树脂为碳源,空心碳质微球为分散相,硼酸镁晶须(Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(5)w)为增强相,通过压塑成型–碳化工艺制备了碳微球/Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(5)w混杂增强碳泡沫复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜、万能试验机等研究了碳质微球与不同质量分数的Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(5)w混杂增强下碳泡沫的力学性能、热氧化性能和电磁屏蔽特性。结果表明,受压过程中,Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(5)w起到裂纹偏转作用和弯弓效应,增加了裂纹扩展路径,Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(5)w与空心碳微球协同作用,提高了碳泡沫复合材料的抗压缩性能;当Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(5)w质量分数为2%时,复合材料的压缩强度达11.8 MPa,较纯碳泡沫提高了157%。碳泡沫复合材料在X波段的电磁屏蔽性能随Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(5)w含量的增加,亦提升明显。Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(5)w分散在基体及微球相表面,增加了复合材料内部的孔结构,延长了电磁波的传播路径,增大了复合材料对电磁波的吸收;当其质量分数8%时,复合材料的电磁屏蔽效能高达53.8 dB,较改性前提高了68%。Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(5)w具有优异的抗氧化性能,其分散在基体及微球相表面上,阻止了热氧与基体和微球相的接触,使复合材料的耐氧化性能提高;当其质量分数5%时,质量损失率为24%,复合材料的耐高温氧化性能最优,较纯碳泡沫提高了12.1%。Carbon foams always show the poor mechanical properties.For application demand-oriented in the field of aerospace,carbon microspheres/Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(2)w hybrid reinforced carbon foam composites,were prepared by the process of compression molding and carbonization,using modified phenolic resin as carbon source,hollow microspheres as dispersed phase,and magnesium borate whisker(Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(2)w)as reinforcement,respectively,to improve their comprehensive performance.The mechanical properties,electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and oxidation resistance properties of carbon foam composites reinforced by carbon microspheres and different mass fractions of Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(2)w,were investigated by SEM,and universal testing machine,respectively.The results showed that Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(2)w played the role of crack deflection and bending bow,and increased the crack propagation path during compression,leading to Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(2)w and hollow carbon microspheres improving the compressive properties of carbon foam composites synergistically.When the mass fraction of Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(2)w is 2%,the compressive strength of the composites reached 11.8 MPa,157%higher than that of pure carbon foam.The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of carbon foam composites in the X-band increased significantly,with the increase of Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(2)w content.Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(2)w dispersed on the surface of the matrix and microsphere phases,that increased the pore structure inside the composite material,prolonged the propagation path of electromagnetic waves,and increased the absorption of electromagnetic waves.When the mass fraction of Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(2)w is 8%,the electromagnetic shielding performance reached 53.8 dB,68%higher than that of pure carbon foam.Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(2)w presented excellent antioxidant performance.They dispersed on the surface of the matrix and microsphere phase,preventing the contact of hot oxygen with the matrix and microsphere phase,and thus improving the oxidation resistance.When the mass fraction of Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(2)w is 5%,t

关 键 词：碳泡沫 晶须 碳微球 电磁屏蔽 力学性能 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]