2001-2022年陕、甘两省省审大豆品种主要性状的比较分析  

Comparison and Analysis of Major Characters of Soybean Varieties Approved by Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces from 2001 to 2022

作　　者：肖金平[1] 曹小东 赵亚军[1] 赵兴忠[1] 刘颢萌 王灏[1] XIAO Jinping;CAO Xiaodong;ZHAO Yajun;ZHAO Xingzhong;LIU Haomeng;WANG Hao(Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省杂交油菜研究中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《陕西农业科学》2023年第8期23-28,共6页Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：2022年陕西省中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目(2022ZY1-QYCX-06);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2021FP-22);陕西省重点研发计划项目(S2023-YF-YBFP-0087);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2020NY-066)。

摘　　要：搜索2001年以来陕西省和甘肃省审定大豆品种主要性状信息,解析两省审定大豆品种主要性状的演变情况,以期为今后西北地区大豆生产和育种策略提供数据支撑和理论依据。本研究通过搜集整理2001年以来20个陕西省审定大豆品种和35个甘肃省审定大豆品种的信息,对其产量、主要性状变化、相关性和主成分进行分析。结果表明:随年份更替,两省审定大豆品种株高均有上升趋势,有效分枝数、百粒重、蛋白质与脂肪之和均呈下降趋势。陕西省审定大豆品种在产量和粗蛋白含量高于甘肃省审定品种,分别高11.97 kg/667 m2、3.26%;生育期、株高、有效分枝数、单株有效荚数、百粒重和粗脂肪含量均低于甘肃省审定品种,分别低22.63d、3.11cm、0.26个、0.28个、1.03g和1.47%。相关性分析揭示,产量和生育期、株型性状间具有一定关联性,其余各性状间的协同作用或抑制作用共同构成了品种的特异性、一致性和稳定性。主成分分析筛选出了陕西省和甘肃省审定大豆品种相关性状对总体方差分别累计贡献率达70.674%、72.815的3个主成分,其中株高、粗脂肪含量等是造成这些品种间差异的主要因素。This study investigated and analyzed the major characters of soybean varieties approved by Shaanxi and Gansu provinces since 2001,aiming to provide valuable data and a theoretical foundation for soybean production and breeding strategies in Northwest China in the future.We collected the information from 20 approved soybean varieties in Shaanxi Province and 35 approved soybean varieties in Gansu Province since 2001.Key factors,such as yield,changes in major characters,correlations and principal components,were analyzed to gain insights into the evolution of these soybean varieties.The results showed that with the change of years,the plant height exhibited an upward trend,while the number of effective branches,100-grain weight,and the sum of protein and fat all showed a downward trend.Comparatively,the yield and crude protein content in Shaanxi Province were higher than those in Gansu Province,with 11.97 kg/667m2 and 3.26%higher,respectively;On the other hand,the fat content in Shaanxi province was lower than that in Gansu Province,with differences of 22.63d,3.11cm,0.26,0.28,1.03g and 1.47%lower,respectively.The ccorrelation analysis showed that there was a certain correlation between yield,growth period,and plant type traits.The existence of the synergy or inhibition among other traits,constituted the specificity,consistency and stability of the variety.Moreover,principal component analysis identified three principal components with cumulative contribution rates of 70.674%and 72.815 for the overall variance of the approved soybean varieties in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces.Therefore,the plant height and crude fat content are the main reasons for the differences between these varieties factor.

关 键 词：大豆 产量 性状演变 遗传改良 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]