长江口邻近海域沉积物中V、Cr、Co、Ni的形态特征及潜在风险分析  

Different fractions and potential ecological risk assessment of V,Cr,Co,Ni in sediments of the Yangtze River Estuary

作　　者：柏育材 张海燕[2] 郑亮[2] 纪炜炜[2] 阮雯[2] 徐亚岩[2] BAI Yucai;ZHANG Haiyan;ZHENG Liang;JI Weiwei;RUAN Wen;XU Yayan(China Shipping Environment Technology(Shanghai)CO.LTD.,Shanghai200135,China;Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuary Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences,Shanghai200090,China;Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai200240,China)

机构地区：[1]中海环境科技(上海)股份有限公司环境评价事业部,上海200135 [2]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业农村部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室,上海200090 [3]上海交通大学,上海200240

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2023年第4期490-499,共10页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所)资助项目(2011T07);上海港宝山罗泾港区罗泾作业区规划修订环境影响评价项目。

摘　　要：为补充长江口邻近海域沉积物中V、Cr、Co、Ni分布研究的历史基础数据,为后续相关研究提供数据对比和参考,对2011年9月长江口邻近海域28个站位沉积物中重金属V、Cr、Co、Ni的分布特征、赋存形态、影响因素和潜在生态风险进行了分析。结果显示,沉积物中V、Cr、Co、Ni总含量在杭州湾北部(金山沿海)和舟山群岛附近(浙江省钱塘江入海口外)有两个明显的高值区。形态分析表明,各重金属主要以残渣态存在,其中V和Cr的活性形态远小于残渣态。各金属元素活性形态的高值区出现在北部近岸和南部外海,其在北部海域有随离岸距离的增加而显著降低的趋势,而在南部海域变化不明显,说明这些金属活性形态受陆源和海源共同影响。各金属的有机结合态和残渣态呈现出随离岸距离的增加而降低的趋势,表现为陆源属性;而碳酸盐和铁锰氧化物结合态在外海海域含量相对较高,表现为海源属性。V和Co的活性形态以碳酸盐结合态为主,易受酸碱度的影响;而Cr和Ni的活性形态以铁锰氧化物结合态为主,易受氧化还原条件的影响。富集因子评价结果表明,沉积物中各金属元素基本没有富集。次生相与原生相分布比值法评价可知,V、Cr为无污染,Ni为基本无污染,Co为轻度污染。The geochemical characteristics of four heavy metals(V,Cr,Co,Ni)in the surface sediments from the Yangtze River Estuary were studied.Sediment samples were collected from 28 stations in September 2011.Sequential extractions were used to gain their fractionation information.Five operationally defined fractions were obtained by this protocol:exchangeable(L1),bound to carbonates(L2),bound to Fe/Mn-oxides(L3),bound to organic matter and sulphides(L4),and a residual fraction(R5).Labile fraction(L)was the sum of L1,L2,L3 and L4.Combined with ecological risk in total content and fraction,a series of results and viewpoints concerning distribution characteristics of heavy metals were presented,as well as ecological risk and controlling factors.In total content,there were similar distributions for V,Cr,Co,Ni.In the northern Hangzhou Bay and near-Zhoushan Islands,the total contents of V,Cr,Co,Ni were all high.V,Cr,Co,Ni reached a maximum at station C2,near northern Hangzhou Bay;while they reached a minimum at station A2,close to the Yangtze River Estuary.The average contents of V,Cr,Co,Ni were 117.53,84.21,13.93,37.01 mg·kg-1.Heavy metals in sediments were mainly concentrated in the coastal region and southern region with fine particles.The labile fraction contents of V,Cr,Co,Ni were all high in the Yangtze River Estuary and the southern region.The contents of residual fraction of V and Cr were higher than those of labile fraction,while the contents of residual fraction of Co and Ni were similar to those of labile fraction.The residual fractions of V,Cr,Co,Ni reached a maximum at station C2,in Hangzhou Bay;while they reached a minimum at station A2,in the Yangtze River Estuary.In the northern coastal region,labile fractions of V,Cr,Co,Ni were all high.Labile fractions of V,Cr,Co,Ni were all high at station B1 and G4;while they were all low at station A2 and D1.Combined with the contents of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,the percent of heavy metals in sediments was V>Cu>Cr>Ni>Co>Pb>Zn>Cd for exchangeable fraction,Cd>Pb>Cu>Co>Zn>Ni>V>Cr for bou

关 键 词：重金属 形态 影响因素 沉积物 长江口 

分 类 号：P76[天文地球—海洋科学]